<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">0536-1036</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Лесной журнал</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Lesnoy Zhurnal (Russian Forestry Journal)</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37482/0536-1036-2026-1-147-160</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>ТЕХНОЛОГИИ, МАШИНЫ И ОБОРУДОВАНИЕ ДЛЯ ЛЕСНОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА И ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ ДРЕВЕСИНЫ</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>TECHNOLOGIES, MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT IN FOREST MANAGEMENT AND WOOD PROCESSING</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="ru">Характеристики пневмогидравлического рекуперативного коникового устройства лесовозного тягача с прицепом-роспуском</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>Characteristics of the Pneumohydraulic Recuperative Conical Device of a Hauling Tractor with a Pole Trailer</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Посметьев</surname>
            <given-names>В.И.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Посметьев</surname>
              <given-names>В.И.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Posmetyev</surname>
              <given-names>Valeryi I.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>posmetyev@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9878-7451</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">Q-1411-2015</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Никонов</surname>
            <given-names>В.О.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Никонов</surname>
              <given-names>В.О.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Nikonov</surname>
              <given-names>Vadim O.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>8888nike8888@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7380-9180</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">N-3510-2019</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Посметьев</surname>
            <given-names>В.В.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Посметьев</surname>
              <given-names>В.В.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Posmetyev</surname>
              <given-names>Viktor V.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>victorvpo@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6622-5358</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">Z-3736-2019</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Мануковский</surname>
            <given-names>А.Ю.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Мануковский</surname>
              <given-names>А.Ю.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Manukovskii</surname>
              <given-names>Andrey Yu.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>mayu1964@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4289-6581</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">AAR-1976-2020</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Матяшов</surname>
            <given-names>А.Е.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Матяшов</surname>
              <given-names>А.Е.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Matyashov</surname>
              <given-names>Aleksey E.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>matyashov-a@bk.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3505-7483</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">LPP-4512-2024</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Поздняков</surname>
            <given-names>Е.В.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Поздняков</surname>
              <given-names>Е.В.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Pozdnyakov</surname>
              <given-names>Evgeny V.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>pozd.ev@yandex.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3904-867x</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">AAX-9199-2020</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Воронежский государственный лесотехнический университет им. Г.Ф. Морозова, ул. Тимирязева, д. 8, г. Воронеж, Россия, 394087</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, ul. Timiryazeva, 8, Voronezh, 394087, Russian Federation</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff2">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Воронежский государственный лесотехнический университет им. Г.Ф. Морозова</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-20">
        <day>20</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>147</fpage>
      <lpage>160</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-11-22">
          <day>22</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-02-16">
          <day>16</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2025-02-13">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© Посметьев В.И., Никонов В.О., Посметьев В.В., Мануковский А.Ю., Матяшов А.Е., Поздняков Е.В., 2026</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Посметьев В.И., Никонов В.О., Посметьев В.В., Мануковский А.Ю., Матяшов А.Е., Поздняков Е.В.</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Posmetyev V.I., Nikonov V.O., Posmetyev V.V., Manukovskii A.Yu., Matyashov A.E., Pozdnyakov E.V.</copyright-holder>
        <license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>CC BY 4.0</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Описаны последствия эксплуатации автопоездов в составе тягачей с прицепами-роспусками в сложных дорожных условиях. Приведены перспективные научные направления, способствующие повышению эффективности работы тягачей с прицепными звеньями. Рассмотрены преимущества разработанного пневмогидравлического рекуперативного коникового устройства с шаровой опорой для лесовозного тягача с прицепом-роспуском. Целью работы является исследование влияния параметров пневмогидравлического рекуперативного коникового устройства с шаровой опорой на его эффективность и определение их оптимальных значений. На основе математической модели и реализующей ее компьютерной программы выполнена оптимизация конструктивных параметров шаровой опоры пневмогидравлического рекуперативного коникового устройства, обеспечивающая минимальную амплитуду раскачивания верхней части груженых лесоматериалов и максимальную рекуперируемую устройством мощность. Выявлено, что оптимальное плечо расположения верхних точек крепления гидроцилиндров шаровой опоры коникового устройства при фиксированном плече расположения нижних точек крепления гидроцилиндров 0,35 м составляет 0,35…0,45 м, при этом обеспечиваются средняя рекуперируемая мощность более 13 кВт и амплитуда бокового смещения груза менее 0,27 м. Установлено, что наилучший диапазон давления рабочей жидкости пневмогидроаккумулятора – 35...50 МПа, рекуперируемая устройством мощность в этом случае превышает 12,2 кВт, а амплитуда бокового смещения груженых лесоматериалов равняется не более 0,29 м. По результатам 2-факторной оптимизации наилучшее плечо расположения верхних точек гидроцилиндров шаровой опоры коникового устройства составляет 0,37...0,58 м, а давление рабочей жидкости пневмогидравлического аккумулятора – 35...50 МПа. При этом предлагаемое пневмогидравлическое рекуперативное кониковое устройство генерирует мощность более 15 кВт, а амплитуда бокового смещения груза не превышает 0,2 м.</p>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>The consequences of operating road trains consisting of tractors with pole trailers in difficult road conditions have been described. Promising scientific directions have been presented contributing to increasing the efficiency of tractors with trailed links. The advantages of the developed pneumohydraulic recuperative conical device with a ball joint for a hauling tractor with a pole trailer have been considered. The aim of the work has been to study the influence of the parameters of a pneumohydraulic recuperative conical device with a ball joint on its efficiency and to determine their optimal values. Based on a mathematical model and the computer program implementing it, the design parameters of the ball joint of a pneumohydraulic recuperative conical device have been optimized, ensuring a minimum swing amplitude of the upper part of loaded timber and the maximum power recuperated by the device. It has been revealed that the optimal lever of the upper attachment points of the hydraulic cylinders in the ball joint of the conical device with a fixed lever of the lower attachment points of the hydraulic cylinders of 0.35 m is 0.35…0.45 m, while providing an average recuperated power of more than 13 kW and an amplitude of lateral displacement of the load less than 0.27 m. It has been established that the best pressure range of the hydraulic fluid in the hydropneumatic accumulator is 35…50 MPa, the power recuperated by the device in this case exceeds 12.2 kW, and the amplitude of lateral displacement of the loaded timber is no more than 0.29 m. According to the results of 2-factor optimization, the best lever of the upper points of the hydraulic cylinders in the ball joint of the conical device is 0.37 ... 0.58 m, and the pressure of the hydraulic fluid in the hydropneumatic accumulator is 35 ... 50 MPa. At the same time, the proposed pneumohydraulic recuperative conical device with a ball joint generates a power of more than 15 kW, and the amplitude of the lateral displacement of the load does not exceed 0.2 m.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>лесовозные дороги</kwd>
        <kwd>гидроцилиндр</kwd>
        <kwd>прицеп-роспуск</kwd>
        <kwd>лесоматериалы</kwd>
        <kwd>оптимизация</kwd>
        <kwd>шаровая опора</kwd>
        <kwd>компьютерный эксперимент</kwd>
        <kwd>рекуперируемая мощность</kwd>
        <kwd>тягач</kwd>
        <kwd>кониковое устройство</kwd>
        <kwd>амплитуда бокового смещения</kwd>
        <kwd>рабочая жидкость</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>logging road</kwd>
        <kwd>hydraulic cylinder</kwd>
        <kwd>pole trailer</kwd>
        <kwd>timber</kwd>
        <kwd>optimization</kwd>
        <kwd>ball joint</kwd>
        <kwd>computer experiment</kwd>
        <kwd>recuperated power</kwd>
        <kwd>tractor</kwd>
        <kwd>conical device</kwd>
        <kwd>lateral displacement amplitude</kwd>
        <kwd>hydraulic fluid</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <ref id="ref1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Адлер Ю.П., Маркова Е.В., Грановский Ю.В. Планирование эксперимента при поиске оптимальных условий. 2-е изд., перераб. и доп. М.: Наука, 1976. 279 с.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Грановский В.А., Сирая Т.Н. Методы обработки экспериментальных данных при измерениях. Л.: Энергоатомиздат. Ленингр. отд-ние, 1990. 288 с.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мудров А.Е. Численные методы для ПЭВМ на языках Бейсик, Фортран и Паскаль. Томск: Раско, 1991. 270 с.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref4">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Никонов В.О. Современное состояние, проблемы и пути повышения эффективности лесовозного автомобильного транспорта. Воронеж: ВГЛТУ, 2021. 203 с.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref5">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Посметьев В.И., Никонов В.О., Матяшов А.Е. Перспективные конструкции кониковых устройств лесовозных автопоездов с шаровой опорой и демпферным механизмом // Инновационные технологии на автомобильном транспорте: материалы Всерос. науч.-техн. конф. Воронеж: ВГЛТУ им. Г.Ф. Морозова, 2024. С. 22–27. https://doi.org/10.58168/MOTOR2024_22-27</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref6">
        <label>6</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Посметьев В.И., Никонов В.О., Посметьев В.В. Обоснование целесообразности оснащения лесовозных автопоездов рекуперативными тягово-сцепными устройствами по результатам имитационного моделирования. Воронеж: ВГЛТУ, 2023. 203 с.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref7">
        <label>7</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Посметьев В.И., Никонов В.О., Посметьев В.В. Повышение эффективности лесовозных автопоездов с помощью рекуперативных седельно-сцепных и поворотных кониковых устройств. Воронеж: ВГЛТУ, 2024. 282 с.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref8">
        <label>8</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allman M., Dudákova Z., Jankovský M., Merganič J. Operational Parameters of Logging Trucks Working in Mountainous Terrains of the Western Carpathians. Forests, 2021, vol. 12, no. 6, art. no. 718. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12060718</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref9">
        <label>9</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Antilla P., Nummelin T., Väätäinen K., Laitila J., Ala-Ilomäki J., Kilpeläinen A. Effect of Vehicle Properties and Driving Environment on Fuel Consumption and CO2 Emissions of Timber Trucking Based on Data from Fleet Management System. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 2022, vol. 15, art. no. 100671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2022.100671</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref10">
        <label>10</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brown M.W. Evaluation of the Impact of Timber Truck Configuration and Tare Weight on Payload Efficiency: An Australian Case Study. Forests, 2021, vol. 12, no. 7, art. no. 855. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12070855</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref11">
        <label>11</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Conrad IV J.L. Evaluating Profitability of Individual Timber Deliveries in the US South. Forests, 2021, vol. 12, no. 4, art. no. 437. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12040437</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref12">
        <label>12</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gao L., Wang D., Jin C., Yi T. Modelling and Performance Analysis of Cyclic Hydro-Pneumatic Energy Storage System Considering the Thermodynamic Characteristics. Energies, 2022, vol. 15, no. 18, art. no. 6672. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15186672</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref13">
        <label>13</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moskalik T., Tymendorf L., van der Saar J., Trzciński G. Methods of Wood Volume Determining and Its Implications for Forest Transport. Sensors, 2022, vol. 22, no. 16, art. no. 6028. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166028</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref14">
        <label>14</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mușat E.C., Abutnăriței G.L., Hogea D.D., Miu L.D., Avram V.N., Saicu S., Derczeni R.A. Loading Round Wood in Forestry Trucks and Forestry Platforms: A Case Study for Romania. Forests, 2024, vol. 15, no. 9, art. no. 1646. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15091646</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref15">
        <label>15</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Radzajewski P., Guzek M. Assessment of the Impact of Selected Parameters of Tractor-Semitrailer Set on the Braking Safety Indicators. Applied Sciences, 2023, vol. 13, no. 9, art. no. 5336. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13095336</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref16">
        <label>16</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salamah Y.B. Sliding Mode Controller for Autonomous Tractor-Trailer Vehicle Reverse Path Tracking. Applied Sciences, 2023, vol. 13, no. 21, art. no. 11998. https://doi.org/10.3390/app132111998</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref17">
        <label>17</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Škvor P., Jankovský M., Natov P., Dvořák J., Zlatuška K. The Effect of Different Road Types on Timber Truck Drivers by Assessing the Load Environment of Drivers by Monitoring Changes in Muscle Tension. Forests, 2022, vol. 13, no. 10, art. no. 1565. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13101565</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref18">
        <label>18</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trzciński G., Tymendorf Ł. Multifactorial Analysis of the Axle Load of Truck Sets during the Transport of Sawmill By-Products. Forests, 2022, vol. 13, no. 12, art. no. 1992. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13121992</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref19">
        <label>19</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ziółkowski A., Fuć P., Lijewski P., Bednarek M., Jagielski A., Kusiak W., Igielska-Kalwat J. The Influence of the Type and Condition of Road Surfaces on the Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Consumption in the Transport of Timber. Energies, 2023, vol. 16, no. 21, art. no. 7257. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16217257</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref20">
        <label>20</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zuska A., Kurczyński D., Jackowski J.T. Study of Loads Acting on the Load during the Sudden Braking of a Vehicle. Applied Sciences, 2023, vol. 13, no. 3, art. no. 1559. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13031559</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref21">
        <label>21</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adler Yu.P., Markova E.V., Granovskij Yu.V. Planning an Experiment When Searching for Optimal Conditions: 2nd ed., revised and enlarged. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1976. 279 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref22">
        <label>22</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Granovskij V.A., Siraya T.N. Methods for Processing Experimental Data during Measurements. Leningrad, Energoatomizdat Publ. (Leningrad Branch), 1990. 288 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref23">
        <label>23</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mudrov A.E. Numerical Methods for Personal Computers in the Basic, Fortran and Pascal Languages. Tomsk, Rasko Publ., 1991. 270 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref24">
        <label>24</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikonov V.O. Current State, Problems and Ways to Improve the Efficiency of Timber Road Transport. Voronezh, Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov Publ., 2021. 203 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref25">
        <label>25</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Posmetev V.I., Nikonov V.O., Matyashov A.E. Prospective Designs of Conical Devices of Logging Road Trains with Ball Joint and Damper Mechanism. Innovatsionnye tekhnologii na avtomobil’nom transporte = Innovative Technologies in Motor Transport: Materials of the All-Russian Scientific and Technical Conference. Voronezh, Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov Publ., 2024, pp. 22–27. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.58168/MOTOR2024_22-27</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref26">
        <label>26</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Posmetev V.I., Nikonov V.O., Posmetev V.V. Justification of the Feasibility of Equipping Timber Road Trains with Recuperative Towing Devices Based on the Results of Simulation Modeling. Voronezh, Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov Publ., 2023. 203 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref27">
        <label>27</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Posmetev V.I., Nikonov V.O., Posmetev V.V. Improving the Efficiency of Timber Road Trains with Recuperative Fifth Wheel Couplings and Pivoting Cone Devices. Voronezh, Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov Publ., 2024. 282 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref28">
        <label>28</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allman M., Dudákova Z., Jankovský M., Merganič J. Operational Parameters of Logging Trucks Working in Mountainous Terrains of the Western Carpathians. Forests, 2021, vol. 12, no. 6, art. no. 718. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12060718</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref29">
        <label>29</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antilla P., Nummelin T., Väätäinen K., Laitila J., Ala-Ilomäki J., Kilpeläinen A. Effect of Vehicle Properties and Driving Environment on Fuel Consumption and CO2 Emissions of Timber Trucking Based on Data from Fleet Management System. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 2022, vol. 15, art. no. 100671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2022.100671</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref30">
        <label>30</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brown M.W. Evaluation of the Impact of Timber Truck Configuration and Tare Weight on Payload Efficiency: An Australian Case Study. Forests, 2021, vol. 12, no. 7, art. no. 855. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12070855</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref31">
        <label>31</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Conrad IV J.L. Evaluating Profitability of Individual Timber Deliveries in the US South. Forests, 2021, vol. 12, no. 4, art. no. 437. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12040437</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref32">
        <label>32</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gao L., Wang D., Jin C., Yi T. Modelling and Performance Analysis of Cyclic Hydro-Pneumatic Energy Storage System Considering the Thermodynamic Characteristics. Energies, 2022, vol. 15, no. 18, art. no. 6672. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15186672</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref33">
        <label>33</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moskalik T., Tymendorf L., van der Saar J., Trzciński G. Methods of Wood Volume Determining and Its Implications for Forest Transport. Sensors, 2022, vol. 22, no. 16, art. no. 6028. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166028</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref34">
        <label>34</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mușat E.C., Abutnăriței G.L., Hogea D.D., Miu L.D., Avram V.N., Saicu S., Derczeni R.A. Loading Round Wood in Forestry Trucks and Forestry Platforms: A Case Study for Romania. Forests, 2024, vol. 15, no. 9, art. no. 1646. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15091646</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref35">
        <label>35</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radzajewski P., Guzek M. Assessment of the Impact of Selected Parameters of Tractor-Semitrailer Set on the Braking Safety Indicators. Applied Sciences, 2023, vol. 13, no. 9, art. no. 5336. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13095336</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref36">
        <label>36</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salamah Y.B. Sliding Mode Controller for Autonomous Tractor-Trailer Vehicle Reverse Path Tracking. Applied Sciences, 2023, vol. 13, no. 21, art. no. 11998. https://doi.org/10.3390/app132111998</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref37">
        <label>37</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Škvor P., Jankovský M., Natov P., Dvořák J., Zlatuška K. The Effect of Different Road Types on Timber Truck Drivers by Assessing the Load Environment of Drivers by Monitoring Changes in Muscle Tension. Forests, 2022, vol. 13, no. 10, art. no. 1565. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13101565</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref38">
        <label>38</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trzciński G., Tymendorf Ł. Multifactorial Analysis of the Axle Load of Truck Sets during the Transport of Sawmill By-Products. Forests, 2022, vol. 13, no. 12, art. no. 1992. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13121992</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref39">
        <label>39</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ziółkowski A., Fuć P., Lijewski P., Bednarek M., Jagielski A., Kusiak W., Igielska-Kalwat J. The Influence of the Type and Condition of Road Surfaces on the Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Consumption in the Transport of Timber. Energies, 2023, vol. 16, no. 21, art. no. 7257. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16217257</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref40">
        <label>40</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zuska A., Kurczyński D., Jackowski J.T. Study of Loads Acting on the Load during the Sudden Braking of a Vehicle. Applied Sciences, 2023, vol. 13, no. 3, art. no. 1559. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13031559</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
</article>
