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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">0536-1036</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Лесной журнал</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Lesnoy Zhurnal (Russian Forestry Journal)</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>ФГАОУ ВО «Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова»</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37482/0536-1036-2026-3-9-29</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="uri">https://journals.narfu.ru/index.php/fj/article/view/2428</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>ЛЕСНОЕ ХОЗЯЙСТВО</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>FORESTRY</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="ru">Порог высоты как структурный переход между кустарниковыми зарослями и альпийскими лесами Polylepis tarapacana на плато Альтиплано в Аргентине</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>A Height Threshold Redefines Functional Communities: Structural Transition Between Shrublands and Alpine Forests of Polylepis tarapacana in the Argentine Altiplano</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Селини</surname>
            <given-names>Х.М.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Селини</surname>
              <given-names>Х.М.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Cellini</surname>
              <given-names>Juan Manuel</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>JMC@agro.unlp.edu.ar</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7870-5751</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">PCU-0716-2025</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Германн</surname>
            <given-names>Ф.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Германн</surname>
              <given-names>Ф.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Germann</surname>
              <given-names>Federica</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>Federica.Germann@agro.unlp.edu.ar</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0005-5837-2266</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">PDW-2782-2025</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Лопес</surname>
            <given-names>В.Л.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Лопес</surname>
              <given-names>В.Л.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>López</surname>
              <given-names>Victoria Lien</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>Victoria.Lopez@agro.unlp.edu.ar</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0035-7435</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">PDW-2312-2025</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Арсидьяконо</surname>
            <given-names>Р.Л.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Арсидьяконо</surname>
              <given-names>Р.Л.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Arcidiacono</surname>
              <given-names>Rocio Lara</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>RocioArcidiacono@conicet.gov.ar</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0002-0807-7152</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Родригес Суилья</surname>
            <given-names>Х.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Родригес Суилья</surname>
              <given-names>Х.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Rodriguez Souilla</surname>
              <given-names>Julián</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>J.Rodriguez@conicet.gov.ar</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8772-2310</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">PDW-2127-2025</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный университет Ла-Платы, Факультет аграрных и лесных наук, Лаборатория исследований древесины (LIMAD) (г. Ла-Плата, пров. Буэнос-Айрес, Аргентина)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales (UNLP), Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Madera (LIMAD) (La Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff2">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный университет Ла-Платы, Факультет аграрных и лесных наук, Лаборатория исследований древесины (LIMAD); Научно-технологический центр г. Ла-Плата (CCT), Национальный совет по научным и техническим исследованиям (CONICET) (г. Ла-Плата, пров. Буэнос-Айрес, Аргентина)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales (UNLP), Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Madera (LIMAD); Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata (CCT), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) (La Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff3">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Центр научных исследований Южного полушария (CADIC-CONICET) (г. Ушуайя, Терра дель Фуего, Аргентина)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET) (Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-15">
        <day>15</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>9</fpage>
      <lpage>29</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-18">
          <day>18</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-02-15">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2026-02-12">
          <day>12</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© Cellini J.M., Germann F., Lopez V.L., Arcidiacono R.L., Rodriguez Souilla J., 2026</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Селини Х.М., Германн Ф., Лопес В.Л., Арсидьяконо Р.Л., Родригес Суилья Х.</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Cellini J.M., Germann F., Lopez V.L., Arcidiacono R.L., Rodriguez Souilla J.</copyright-holder>
        <license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>CC BY 4.0</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://journals.narfu.ru/index.php/fj/article/view/2428">https://journals.narfu.ru/index.php/fj/article/view/2428</self-uri>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Высокогорные леса Polylepis tarapacana в Андах образуют структурный переход по верхней границе своего распространения от кустарниковых формаций до сомкнутых древостоев, что затрудняет их однозначную функциональную классификацию. Цель работы заключалась в оценке дискретного порога по средней доминантной высоте (≥2 м) как критерия, определяющего экологический переход между кустарниковыми и лесными сообществами P. tarapacana на плато Альтиплано в Аргентине, для его валидации, выявления предикторов и оценки влияния на состав подлеска. На основе данных сплошной таксации 96 пробных площадей (от 25 до 4000 м²) насаждения распределены по следующим типам: лес (средняя доминантная высота ≥ 2 м) и кустарниковые заросли (средняя доминантная высота &lt; 2 м). Проведен анализ и сравнение структурных показателей (средний диаметр у шейки корня, площадь сечения, густота, распределение по ступеням толщины), состава жизненных форм (древовидная, стланиковая, кустарниковая, тигровый буш brousse tigrée), аллометрических показателей (высоты и диаметра) и состава живого напочвенного покрова. Использованы метод главных компонент (PCA), непараметрические критерии (Манна–Уитни, Уилкоксона), логистическая регрессия и анализ индикаторных видов (IndVal). Установленный порог средней доминантной высоты 2 м позволяет четко разграничить 2 типа сообществ с различной структурой, таксационными показателями и флористическим составом. Для леса характерны большая площадь сечения (в 2,8 раза выше), разнообразие диаметров и структурная сложность, а также большая доля древовидных жизненных форм. Аллометрическая модель показывает более эффективное соотношение высоты и диаметра. Напочвенный покров лесов имеет в составе значительную долю подушкообразных растений, и встречаются виды-индикаторы, строго связанные с этим типом (например, Senecio nutans). В кустарниковых зарослях доминируют ювенильные особи и кустарниковые жизненные формы, а в подлеске – многолетние светолюбивые кустарники. Вероятность отнесения участка к лесу прямо связана с наличием древовидных форм и благоприятными условиями субстрата (высокий индекс его пригодности). Пороговая средняя доминантная высота является количественно определяемым и экологически значимым показателем, разделяющим различные сукцессионные стадии и функциональные состояния в сообществах P. tarapacana. Этот структурный показатель интегрирует кардинальные изменения в пространственной структуре древостоя, микроклимате и ассоциированных биоценозах. Полученные результаты формируют научную основу для классификации, мониторинга и приоритетной охраны этих уязвимых высокогорных экосистем, предлагая переход от морфологических описаний к критериям, отражающим экологическую функциональность.</p>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>The high-Andean forests of Polylepis tarapacana at the global treeline form a structural continuum between shrublands and forests, complicating their functional classification. This study evaluates whether a discrete height threshold – Mean Dominant Height ≥ 2 m – defines a genuine ecological transition between these formations in the Argentine Altiplano, aiming to validate this threshold, identify its predictors, and assess its consequences for the ground-layer vegetation. Ninety-six forest inventory plots were analyzed and classified as “Forest” (mean dominant height ≥ 2 m) or “Shrubland” (mean dominant height &lt; 2 m). Structural variables (basal area, density, diameter distribution), proportions of life forms (arborescent, dwarf tree, shrub, brousse tigrée), allometric parameters, and ground cover composition were compared. Analyses included Principal Component Analysis, non-parametric tests, logistic regression models, and indicator species analysis. The 2 m threshold discriminated two clearly distinct communities. “Forests” (19.4 % of plots) exhibited greater basal area (2.8 times higher), diameter diversity, structural complexity, and a higher proportion of arborescent life forms. They showed a more efficient height-diameter relationship and a distinctive ground cover with greater cover of cushion plants and specialist indicator species (e.g., Senecio nutans). “Shrublands” were dominated by juvenile individuals, shrubby forms, and heliophytic perennial shrubs. The probability of achieving a forest state was positively predicted by the presence of arborescent forms and a favorable substrate (Favorable Substrate Index). The mean dominant height ≥ 2 m threshold constitutes a quantifiable ecological tipping point separating distinct successional and functional states in Polylepis tarapacana. This structural criterion synthesizes profound changes in community architecture, microclimate, and associated biotic assemblages. The findings provide a robust framework for the operational classification, monitoring, and priority conservation of these vulnerable alpine ecosystems, moving beyond purely morphological definitions towards a characterization based on ecological functionality.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>Polylepis tarapacana</kwd>
        <kwd>верхняя граница леса</kwd>
        <kwd>структурный переход</kwd>
        <kwd>средняя доминантная высота</kwd>
        <kwd>высокогорные леса Анд</kwd>
        <kwd>функциональная классификация</kwd>
        <kwd>альпийские экосистемы</kwd>
        <kwd>плато Альтиплано в Аргентине</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Polylepis tarapacana</kwd>
        <kwd>treeline</kwd>
        <kwd>structural threshold</kwd>
        <kwd>mean dominant height</kwd>
        <kwd>high-Andean forests</kwd>
        <kwd>functional classification</kwd>
        <kwd>alpine ecosystems</kwd>
        <kwd>Argentine Altiplano</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Благодарим исследователей, которые на протяжении многих лет ставили под сомнение правомерность использования термина «лес» для обозначения сообществ Polylepis tarapacana, отдавая предпочтение таким терминам, как «лесные заросли» или «кустарниковые заросли». Их стойкий скептицизм подтолкнул нас к написанию данной работы, а их критическое отношение к вопросу способствовало улучшению ее качества. Также выражаем признательность системе государственных, бесплатных и совместно управляемых университетов Аргентины. Мы смогли опубликовать эту работу за счет слаженной и плодотворной работы нашего коллектива, несмотря на сокращение финансирования и непростые времена. Публикация данного исследования доказывает, что ученые из государственных университетов не бросают дело на полпути.</funding-statement>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="en">We thank those researchers who, for years, questioned whether Polylepis tarapacana formations could be called forests, preferring terms like “forestlands” or “shrublands”. Their persistent skepticism challenged us to write this. Thanks to them, we now have clear, height-based criteria aligned with the UN definition. We are grateful for their opposition; it pushed us to do better. We also thank Argentina’s public, free, and co-governed university system. Despite devastating defunding and difficult times, we published this work through collective effort. This paper proves that public university researchers do not give up.</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
  <back>
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