0536-1036 Известия высших учебных заведений. Лесной журнал Lesnoy Zhurnal (Russian Forestry Journal) Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова 10.37482/0536-1036-2026-1-190-200 ТЕХНОЛОГИИ, МАШИНЫ И ОБОРУДОВАНИЕ ДЛЯ ЛЕСНОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА И ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ ДРЕВЕСИНЫ TECHNOLOGIES, MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT IN FOREST MANAGEMENT AND WOOD PROCESSING Взаимосвязь между параметрами волокон и механическими свойствами древесных пород The Relationships between Fiber Parameters and Mechanical Properties of Timber Species Мутхумала Ч. Мутхумала Ч. Muthumala Chaminda ck_muthumala@yahoo.com 0000-0001-9358-7717 Арунакумара И. Арунакумара И. Arunakumara Indika kkiuaruna@crop.ruh.ac.lk 0000-0002-7081-0215 Де Силва С. Де Силва С. De Silva Sudhira sudhira@cee.ruh.ac.lk 0000-0003-0804-5097 Алвис А. Алвис А. Alwis Anura aalwis@ageng.ruh.ac.lk 0009-0000-8888-4952 Марикар Ф. Марикар Ф. Marikar Faiz faiz@kdu.ac.lk 0000-0003-4579-7263 Государственная лесная корпорация, Сампатпайя, Раджамалуэтта-роуд, г. Баттарамулла, Шри-Ланка, 10120 State Timber Corporation, Sampathpaya, Rajamalwatta Road, Battaramulla, 10120, Sri Lanka Университет Рухуны, г. Камбурупития, Шри-Ланка, 1100 Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, 1100, Kamburupitiya, Sri Lanka Университет Рухуны, Хапагала, Ваквелла-роуд, г. Галле, Шри-Ланка, 80000 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Ruhuna, Hapugala, Wakwella Road, Galle, 80000, Sri Lanka Университет Рухуны, Матара-Камбурупития-роуд, дер. Мапалана, Шри-Ланка, 81100 Department of Agricultural Engineering & Environmental Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Matara-Kamburupitiya Road, Mapalana, 81100, Sri Lanka Университет обороны им. генерела сэра Джона Котелавалы, Кандавала-роуд, Рамтмалана, Шри-Ланка, 10390 General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Kandawala Road, Ratmalana, 10390, Sri Lanka 20 02 2026 1 190 200 15 04 2025 30 06 2025 28 06 2025 ©Muthumala C., Arunakumara I., De Silva S., Alwis A., Marikar F., 2026 2026 Muthumala C., Arunakumara I., De Silva S., Alwis A., Marikar F. Muthumala C., Arunakumara I., De Silva S., Alwis A., Marikar F. CC BY 4.0

Рассматриваются различия в механических свойствах и параметрах волокон, а также плотности древесины 7 пород, широко используемых в мебельной промышленности Шри-Ланки. К ключевым измеряемым параметрам в соответствии со стандартом BS 373:1957 относятся плотность древесины, прочность при сжатии (как параллельно, так и перпендикулярно волокнам) и при статическом изгибе. Механические испытания проводились с применением универсальной испытательной машины (UTM-100PC), а параметры волокон анализировались посредством модифицированного метода Франклина. Результаты демонстрируют отсутствие существенной корреляции между параметрами волокна (длина волокна, диаметр и толщина стенки) и механическими свойствами, такими как прочность на сжатие и изгиб, включая модуль разрыва и модуль упругости. Однако с увеличением плотности древесины параметры волокна демонстрируют тенденцию к ухудшению. Примечательно, что породы древесины с более высокой плотностью и повышенным коэффициентом Рункеля имеют большую прочность, что свидетельствует о влиянии соотношения толщины стенки волокна и просвета между волокнами на механические свойства. Полученные данные указывают на превалирующую роль при определении прочности волокон плотности древесины и структурных соотношений волокон по сравнению с размерами отдельных волокон. Исследование способствует пониманию физических и механических свойств местных пород древесины и оптимизации отбора и обработки древесины в процессе мебельного производства в Шри-Ланке.

This study investigates the variations in mechanical properties and fiber parameters, along with wood densities, of 7 timber species commonly used in Sri Lanka’s furniture industry as a promising one. Key parameters measured include wood density, compressive strength (both parallel and perpendicular to grain), and static bending properties, following the standards outlined in BS 373:1957. Mechanical tests have been conducted using a universal testing machine (UTM-100PC), while fiber paramters have been analyzed via a modified Franklin’s method. The results indicate no significant correlations between fiber parameters (fiber length, diameter, and wall thickness) and mechanical properties such as compression and bending strengths, including modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity. However, the fiber parameters have exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing wood density. Notably, timber species with higher density and elevated Runkel ratios have demonstrated greater strength values, suggesting the influence of fiber wall thickness relative to pore size on mechanical performance. The findings obtained imply that wood density and fiber structural ratios play a more critical role in determining strength than isolated fiber dimensions. The study contributes to a better understanding of the physical and mechanical behavior of local timber species and provides valuable data for optimizing timber selection and processing in Sri Lanka’s furniture manufacturing sector.

 Ключевые слова плотность характеристики волокна механическое испытание древесина Keywords density fiber properties mechanical test timber Baar J., Tippner J., Rademacher P. Prediction of Mechanical Properties – Modulus of Rupture and Modulus of Elasticity – of Five Tropical Species by Nondestructive Methods. Maderas. Ciencia y Tecnología, 2015, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 239–252. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-221X2015005000023 Bardage S.L. Three-Dimensional Modeling and Visualization of Whole Norway Spruce Latewood Tracheids. Wood and Fiber Science, 2001, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 627–638. Brandström J., Bardage S.L., Daniel G., Nilsson T. The Structural Organization of the S1 Cell Wall Layer of Norway Spruce Tracheids. IAWA Journal, 2003, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 27–40. https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000318 British Standard 373: 1957. Methods of Testing Small Clear Specimens of Timber. London, British Standards Institution, 1957. 24 p. Castro G., Paganini F. Parameters Affecting End Finger Joint Performance in Poplar Wood. International Conference of IUFRO S 5.02 Timber Engineering. Denmark, Copenhagen, 1997. 10 p. De Guth E.B. Relationship between Wood Density and Tree Diameter in Pinus selliottii of Missionnes, Argentina. International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Oxford, 1980, Division 3, pp. 30–40. Franklin G.L. Preparations of Thin Sections of Synthetic Resins and Wood-Resin Composites, and a New Macerating Method for Wood. Nature, 1945, vol. 155, art. no. 51. https://doi.org/10.1038/155051a0 Kiaei M., Roque R.M. Physical Properties and Fiber Dimension in Stem, Branch and Root of Alder Wood. Fresinus Environmentall Bulletin, 2015, PSP vol. 24, no. 1b, pp. 335–342. Maharani R., Fernandes A. Correlation between Wood Density and Fiber Length with Essential Macro-Nutrients on Base of Stem of Shorea leprosula and Shorea parvifolia. KnE Life Sciences, 2015, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 625–629. https://doi.org/10.18502/kls.v2i1.231 Muthumala C.K., Amarasekara H.S. Investigation the Authenticity of Local and Imported Timber Species in Sri Lanka. Proceeding of International Forestry and Environment Symposium, 2013, vol. 18, pp. 95–96. https://doi.org/10.31357/fesympo.v18i0.1945 Panshin A.J., de Zeeuw C. Textbook of Wood Technology: 4th ed. New York, Mc-Graw-Hill Book Company, 1980. 722 p. Ruwanpathirana N.D., Muthumala C.K. Wooden Wonders of Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka, Battaramulla, State Timber Corporation, 2010, vol. 8, pp. 8–11. San H.P., Li K.L., Cheng Z.Z., Tang C.H., Wong Y.S., Foo S.L., Hun A.T., Fong W.K. Anatomical Features, Fiber Morphological, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Three Years Old New Hybrid Paulownia: Green Paulownia. Research Journal of Forestry, 2016, vol. 10, iss. 1, pp. 30–35. https://doi.org/10.3923/rjf.2016.30.35 Smook G.A. Handbook for Pulp and Paper Technologists: 3rd ed. Canada, Vancouver, Bellingham, Angus Wilde Publications Inc., 2003. 425 p. Tabarsa T., Chui Y.H. Characterizing Microscopic Behavior of Wood under Transverse Compression. Part II. Effect of Species and Loading Direction. Wood and Fiber Science, 2001, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 223–232. Thulasidas P.K., Bhat K.M. Mechanical Properties and Wood Structure Characteristics of 35-Year Old Home-Garden Teak from Wet and Dry Localities of Kerala, India in Comparison with Plantation Teak. Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science, 2012, vol. 9, pp. 23–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13196-012-0062-7 Vievek S., De Silva S., De Silva S.G.H.M.J., Muthumala C.K. Finger Joints and Their Structural Performance in Different Exposure Conditions. The 7th International Conference on Sustainable Built Environment. Sri Lanka, Kandy, 2016, pp. 204–210. Wiedenhoeft A. Structure and Function of Wood. Wood Handbook: Wood as an Engineering Material: Centennial Ed. Wisconsin, Madison, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Gen. Tech. Report FPL, GTR-190, 2010, chapt. 3, pp. 3.1–3.18. Yeh M.-C., Lin Y.-L, Huang Y.-C. Evaluation of the Tensile Strength of Structural Finger-Jointed Lumber. Taiwan Journal of Forest Science, 2011, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 59–70. Baar J., Tippner J., Rademacher P. Prediction of Mechanical Properties – Modulus of Rupture and Modulus of Elasticity – of Five Tropical Species by Nondestructive Methods. Maderas. Ciencia y Tecnología, 2015, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 239–252. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-221X2015005000023 Bardage S.L. Three-Dimensional Modeling and Visualization of Whole Norway Spruce Latewood Tracheids. Wood and Fiber Science, 2001, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 627–638. Brandström J., Bardage S.L., Daniel G., Nilsson T. The Structural Organization of the S1 Cell Wall Layer of Norway Spruce Tracheids. IAWA Journal, 2003, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 27–40. https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000318 British Standard 373: 1957. Methods of Testing Small Clear Specimens of Timber. London, British Standards Institution, 1957. 24 p. Castro G., Paganini F. Parameters Affecting End Finger Joint Performance in Poplar Wood. International Conference of IUFRO S 5.02 Timber Engineering. Denmark, Copenhagen, 1997. 10 p. De Guth E.B. Relationship between Wood Density and Tree Diameter in Pinus selliottii of Missionnes, Argentina. International Union of Forest Research Organizations. Oxford, 1980, Division 3, pp. 30–40. Franklin G.L. Preparations of Thin Sections of Synthetic Resins and Wood-Resin Composites, and a New Macerating Method for Wood. Nature, 1945, vol. 155, art. no. 51. https://doi.org/10.1038/155051a0 Kiaei M., Roque R.M. Physical Properties and Fiber Dimension in Stem, Branch and Root of Alder Wood. Fresinus Environmentall Bulletin, 2015, PSP vol. 24, no. 1b, pp. 335–342. Maharani R., Fernandes A. Correlation between Wood Density and Fiber Length with Essential Macro-Nutrients on Base of Stem of Shorea leprosula and Shorea parvifolia. KnE Life Sciences, 2015, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 625–629. https://doi.org/10.18502/kls.v2i1.231 Muthumala C.K., Amarasekara H.S. Investigation the Authenticity of Local and Imported Timber Species in Sri Lanka. Proceeding of International Forestry and Environment Symposium, 2013, vol. 18, pp. 95–96. https://doi.org/10.31357/fesympo.v18i0.1945 Panshin A.J., de Zeeuw C. Textbook of Wood Technology: 4th ed. New York, Mc-Graw-Hill Book Company, 1980. 722 p. Ruwanpathirana N.D., Muthumala C.K. Wooden Wonders of Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka, Battaramulla, State Timber Corporation, 2010, vol. 8, pp. 8–11. San H.P., Li K.L., Cheng Z.Z., Tang C.H., Wong Y.S., Foo S.L., Hun A.T., Fong W.K. Anatomical Features, Fiber Morphological, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Three Years Old New Hybrid Paulownia: Green Paulownia. Research Journal of Forestry, 2016, vol. 10, iss. 1, pp. 30–35. https://doi.org/10.3923/rjf.2016.30.35 Smook G.A. Handbook for Pulp and Paper Technologists: 3rd ed. Canada, Vancouver, Bellingham, Angus Wilde Publications Inc., 2003. 425 p. Tabarsa T., Chui Y.H. Characterizing Microscopic Behavior of Wood under Transverse Compression. Part II. Effect of Species and Loading Direction. Wood and Fiber Science, 2001, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 223–232. Thulasidas P.K., Bhat K.M. Mechanical Properties and Wood Structure Characteristics of 35-Year Old Home-Garden Teak from Wet and Dry Localities of Kerala, India in Comparison with Plantation Teak. Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science, 2012, vol. 9, pp. 23–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13196-012-0062-7 Vievek S., De Silva S., De Silva S.G.H.M.J., Muthumala C.K. Finger Joints and Their Structural Performance in Different Exposure Conditions. The 7th International Conference on Sustainable Built Environment. Sri Lanka, Kandy, 2016, pp. 204–210. Wiedenhoeft A. Structure and Function of Wood. Wood Handbook: Wood as an Engineering Material: Centennial Ed. Wisconsin, Madison, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Gen. Tech. Report FPL, GTR-190, 2010, chapt. 3, pp. 3.1–3.18. Yeh M.-C., Lin Y.-L, Huang Y.-C. Evaluation of the Tensile Strength of Structural Finger-Jointed Lumber. Taiwan Journal of Forest Science, 2011, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 59–70.