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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">0536-1036</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Лесной журнал</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Lesnoy Zhurnal (Russian Forestry Journal)</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>ФГАОУ ВО «Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова»</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37482/0536-1036-2026-4-157-170</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="uri">https://journals.narfu.ru/index.php/fj/article/view/2695</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="ru">Структура и прочностные характеристики фанеры на модифицированном связующем</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>Structure and Strength Properties of Plywood with Modified Binder</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Федотов</surname>
            <given-names>А.А.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Федотов</surname>
              <given-names>А.А.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Fedotov</surname>
              <given-names>Aleksandr A.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>aafedotoff@yandex.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3668-899X</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">R-1155-2018</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Вахнина</surname>
            <given-names>Т.Н.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Вахнина</surname>
              <given-names>Т.Н.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Vakhnina</surname>
              <given-names>Tatiana N.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>t_vachnina@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7201-5979</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">R-1116-2018</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Сусоева</surname>
            <given-names>И.В.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Сусоева</surname>
              <given-names>И.В.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Susoeva</surname>
              <given-names>Irina V.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>i.susoeva@yandex.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7295-8934</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">R-1053-2018</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Титунин</surname>
            <given-names>А.А.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Титунин</surname>
              <given-names>А.А.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Titunin</surname>
              <given-names>Andrey A.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>a_titunin@kosgos.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0953-0898</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">W-5121-2017</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Костромской государственный университет (г. Кострома, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Kostroma State University (Kostroma, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-08-10">
        <day>10</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>157</fpage>
      <lpage>170</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-24">
          <day>24</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-02-20">
          <day>20</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2026-02-18">
          <day>18</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© Федотов А.А., Вахнина Т.Н., Сусоева И.В., Титунин А.А., 2026</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Федотов А.А., Вахнина Т.Н., Сусоева И.В., Титунин А.А.</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fedotov A.A., Vakhnina T.N., Susoeva I.V., Titunin A.A.</copyright-holder>
        <license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>CC BY 4.0</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://journals.narfu.ru/index.php/fj/article/view/2695">https://journals.narfu.ru/index.php/fj/article/view/2695</self-uri>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Целью исследования является повышение механических показателей фанеры, изготавливаемой при температуре прессования 105 °С на фенолоформальдегидной смоле, модифицированной медьсодержащими добавками или резорцином. Изготовлена 5-слойная фанера ФСФ из березового шпона толщиной 1,5 мм и связующего на основе фенолоформальдегидной смолы. В качестве модификаторов использовались ацетат меди, резорцин, резорцинат меди в виде водных растворов 10%-й концентрации. Оценивались прочность фанеры при статическом изгибе и прочность при скалывании по клеевому слою после кипячения. Получены ИК-спектры связующего и фанеры. Выявлено, что при модификации смолы ацетатом и резорцинатом меди уменьшается количество гидроксильных и гидроксиметильных групп, повышается гидролитическая устойчивость связующего вследствие образования координационных связей между ионом меди и гидроксильными группами связующего, при модификации смолы резорцином количество гидроксильных групп почти не меняется, но увеличивается число групп –СН2. Установлено, что при низкотемпературном прессовании модификация смолы резорцинатом меди привела к увеличению прочности при скалывании по клеевому слою на 52,2 %, резорцином – на 70,0 %, ацетатом меди – на 78,8 % в сравнении с показателем образцов на фенолоформальдегидной смоле. Прочность фанеры при статическом изгибе максимальна для образцов с ацетатом меди и резорцином, она выше, чем у образцов, изготовленных при температуре 120 °С. Использование для модификации при 105 °С ацетата меди и резорцина обеспечивает сопоставимые механические показатели фанеры. Ввиду того, что стоимость ацетата меди ниже, чем резорцина, для промышленности при низкотемпературном прессовании рекомендуется модификация фенолоформальдегидной смолы ацетатом меди. Снижение температуры прессования позволит уменьшить затраты предприятий на производство водостойкой фанеры.</p>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>The research is aimed at improving the mechanical properties of plywood produced at a pressing temperature of 105 °C using phenol-formaldehyde resin modified with copper-containing additives or resorcin. The 5-layer waterproof plywood is made of 1.5 mm thick birch veneer and a phenol-formaldehyde resin binder. Copper acetate, resorcin, and copper resorcinate were used as modifiers (10 % aqueous solutions). We evaluated the strength of plywood under static bending and its strength when shearing along the adhesive layer after boiling. IR spectra of the binder and the plywood were obtained. The number of hydroxyl and hydroxymethyl groups decreases, and the hydrolytic stability of the binder increases due to the formation of coordinate bonds between the copper ion and the hydroxyl groups of the binder when the resin is modified with copper acetate and copper resorcinate. The number of hydroxyl groups remains virtually unchanged, but the number of –CH2 groups increases when the resin is modified with resorcin. Modification of the resin with copper resorcinate during low-temperature pressing resulted in a 52.2 % increase in shearing strength along the adhesive layer, with resorcin – a 70.0 % increase, and with copper acetate – a 78.8 % increase, compared to the values for samples made with phenol-formaldehyde resin. The static bending strength of plywood is the highest for the samples containing copper acetate and resorcin; it is higher than that of the samples produced at 120 °C. The use of copper acetate and resorcin for modification at 105 °C provides comparable mechanical properties of plywood. Since copper acetate is less expensive than resorcin, the use of a copper acetate-modified phenol-formaldehyde resin is recommended for industrial applications requiring low-temperature pressing. Lowering the pressing temperature will reduce the costs associated with the production of water-resistant plywood.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>фанера ФСФ</kwd>
        <kwd>фенолоформальдегидное связующее</kwd>
        <kwd>модификаторы</kwd>
        <kwd>горячее прессование</kwd>
        <kwd>механические показатели</kwd>
        <kwd>ИК-спектры</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>waterproof plywood</kwd>
        <kwd>phenol-formaldehyde binder</kwd>
        <kwd>modifiers</kwd>
        <kwd>hot pressing</kwd>
        <kwd>mechanical properties</kwd>
        <kwd>IR spectra</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РНФ и администрации Костромской области в рамках научного проекта № 24-29-20157.</funding-statement>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Использовано оборудование испытательной лаборатории ФГУП «Центрального научно-исследовательского института химии и механики» (г. Москва). Контроль результатов осуществлен в испытательной лаборатории древесных плит и фанеры ООО «Лессертика», г. Балабаново.</funding-statement>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out as part of research project No. 24-29-20157 with financial support from the Russian Science Foundation and the Administration of the Kostroma Region.</funding-statement>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="en">We used the equipment of the Testing Laboratory of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Central Research Institute of Chemistry and Mechanics” (Moscow). The results were verified at the Wood-Based Panels and Plywood Testing Laboratory of the OOO Lessertika in the city of Balabanovo.</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
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