<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2227-6564</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2687-1505</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Северного (Арктического) федерального университета Серия «Гуманитарные и социальные науки»</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University Series "Humanitarian and Social Sciences"</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37482/2687-1505-V518</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="uri">https://journals.narfu.ru/index.php/gum/article/view/2387</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="ru">Алгоритмы эпохи компутоцена: от эпистемологической машины к цифровому суверенитету личности</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>The Computocene Era: Epistemological Machines and the Search for Algorithmic Fairness</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Зашихина</surname>
            <given-names>Инга Михайловна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Зашихина</surname>
              <given-names>Инга Михайловна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Zashikhina</surname>
              <given-names>Inga M.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>zashikhinaim@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8217-2302</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова (Архангельск, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov (Arkhangelsk, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-22">
        <day>22</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>26</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>107</fpage>
      <lpage>117</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-23">
          <day>23</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-02-12">
          <day>12</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2026-02-03">
          <day>03</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© Зашихина И.М., 2026</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зашихина И.М.</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zashikhina I.M.</copyright-holder>
        <license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>CC BY 4.0</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://journals.narfu.ru/index.php/gum/article/view/2387">https://journals.narfu.ru/index.php/gum/article/view/2387</self-uri>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>В условиях тотальной цифровой трансформации алгоритмы перестали быть нейтральными инструментами обработки данных, эволюционировав в активных архитекторов социального взаимодействия. Статья посвящена критическому осмыслению этого сдвига в рамках эпохи компутоцена, где алгоритмические системы выступают полноценными агентами, формирующими новую эпистемологическую реальность. Цель работы заключается в раскрытии механизмов влияния алгоритмизации на процессы познания и общественной коммуникации. Используя социотехнический подход и методы критических алгоритмических исследований, автор концептуализирует алгоритмы как эпистемологические машины – технико-коммуникативные аппараты, структурирующие человеческий опыт через подмену когнитивного понимания статистической релевантностью. Полученные результаты показывают, что функционирование таких систем на принципах перформативного предсказания и механистической ахроматичности ведет к следующим рискам: социальной поляризации, формированию эхо-камер и когнитивному упадку. В работе обосновывается необходимость перехода от чисто технического регулирования к модели алгоритмической справедливости, включающей дистрибутивный, процедурный и взаимодействующий уровни. Автор доказывает, что сохранение субъектности человека невозможно без внедрения строгих стандартов прозрачности выходных данных. В качестве практической меры защиты цифрового суверенитета личности предлагается обязательная маркировка контента, созданного искусственным интеллектом, при помощи водяных знаков. Это позволит пользователю различать результат работы машины и человеческое творчество, снижая эффект манипулятивного воздействия и создавая основу для правовой ответственности платформ. Исследование направлено на поиск баланса между технологической эффективностью и защитой прав личности в цифровой среде. Подчеркивается, что алгоритмы являются новой формой социального интеллекта, требующей глубокой философской рефлексии и междисциплинарного контроля для предотвращения эрозии человеческого достоинства в автоматизированном обществе.</p>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>In the context of total digital transformation, algorithms have ceased to be neutral data-processing tools, evolving into active architects of social interaction. This article provides a critical reflection on this shift within the Computocene era, where algorithmic systems act as full-scale agents shaping a new epistemological reality. The aim of the study is to reveal the mechanisms of how algorithmization influences the processes of cognition and public communication. Employing a sociotechnical approach and the framework of critical algorithm studies, the author conceptualizes algorithms as epistemological machines – socio-technical apparatuses that structure human experience by substituting cognitive understanding with statistical relevance. The research results demonstrate that the functioning of epistemological machines based on principles of performative prediction and mechanistic achromatism leads to systemic risks: social polarization, the formation of echo chambers, and cognitive decline. The article argues for a transition from purely technical regulation to a model of algorithmic fairness, encompassing distributive, procedural, and interactional levels. As a practical measure to protect individual digital sovereignty, the author proposes the implementation of output transparency standards and mandatory labeling for AI-generated content. Such reforms will not only increase trust in digital content but also create a basis for a fairer distribution of rights and responsibilities in the creative industry. The study concludes that algorithms represent a new form of social intelligence that requires not just technological control but also profound philosophical reflection. Protecting individual digital sovereignty is impossible without strict standards of transparency, ensuring that users can distinguish between machine-generated results and human creativity, thereby mitigating the manipulative potential of epistemological machines and preserving human agency in the automated digital era.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>алгоритмы</kwd>
        <kwd>эпистемологическая машина</kwd>
        <kwd>алгоритмическая агентность</kwd>
        <kwd>цифровая реальность</kwd>
        <kwd>социотехнический подход</kwd>
        <kwd>алгоритмическая справедливость</kwd>
        <kwd>прозрачность данных</kwd>
        <kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>algorithms</kwd>
        <kwd>epistemological machine</kwd>
        <kwd>algorithmic agency</kwd>
        <kwd>digital reality</kwd>
        <kwd>sociotechnical approach</kwd>
        <kwd>algorithmic fairness</kwd>
        <kwd>output transparency</kwd>
        <kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <ref id="ref1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dyson G. Analogia: The Emergence of Technology Beyond Programmable Control. New York, 2020. 304 p.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шалак В.И. Алгоритмическая модель социальных процессов // Филос. проблемы информ. технологий и киберпространства. 2021. № 1. С. 46–62. https://doi.org/10.17726/philIT.2021.1.3</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Severini S. Computocene: Notes from an Age of Observation // ArXiv. 2025. P. 1–16. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2505.21744</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref4">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rheinberger H.J. Experimental Systems: Difference, Graphematicity, Conjuncture // Dombois F., Bauer U.M., Mareis C., Schwab M. Intellectual Birdhouse: Artistic Practice as Research. Köln, 2012. P. 89–99.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref5">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eckhardt S., Kühl N., Dolata M., Schwabe G. A Survey of AI Reliance // ACM Comput. Surv. 2025. Vol. 58, № 6. Art. № 161. https://doi.org/10.1145/3776528</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref6">
        <label>6</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Esposito E. Artificial Communication: How Algorithms Produce Social Intelligence. Cambridge, 2022. 200 p. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/14189.001.0001</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref7">
        <label>7</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nabil A., Sony R. Understanding the Algorithm: Meaning, Socio-Legal Context and Concerns // Legal Issues in the Digital Age. 2021. Vol. 2, № 4. P. 70–97. https://doi.org/10.17323/2713-2749.2021.4.70.97</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref8">
        <label>8</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saputra K., Muhammad S., Agung A. Systematic Literature Review of Understanding Social Media Algorithms and Their Impacts on Online Experiences // Proc 3rd Int. Multi-Disciplinary Conf.: “Integrated Sciences and Technologies”. 2024. P. 12–25. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.25-10-2023.2348715</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref9">
        <label>9</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Narayanan A. Understanding Social Media Recommendation Algorithms. New York, 2023. 39 p. https://doi.org/10.7916/khdk-m460</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref10">
        <label>10</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dolata M., Feuerriegel S., Schwabe G. A Sociotechnical View of Algorithmic Fairness // Inf. Syst. J. 2021. Vol. 32, № 4. P. 754–818. https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12370</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref11">
        <label>11</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sun H. The Right to Know Social Media Algorithms // Harv. L. Pol. Rev., 2023. Vol. 18, № 1. P. 1–57. URL: https://journals.law.harvard.edu/lpr/wp-content/uploads/sites/89/2024/08/18.1-Right-to-Know-Social-Media-Algorithms.pdf (дата обращения: 10.12.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref12">
        <label>12</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sun H. Output Transparency: Differentiating Human and AI Creativity Through Legal Reforms // Univ. Hong Kong Faculty Law Res. Paper. 2025. Art. № 2025/30.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref13">
        <label>13</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wagner C., Strohmaier M., Olteanu A., Kiciman E., Contractor N., Eliassi-Rad T. Measuring Algorithmically Infused Societies // Nature. 2021. Vol. 595. P. 197–204.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref14">
        <label>14</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Putri S.D.G., Purnomo E.P., Khairunissa T. Echo Chambers and Algorithmic Bias: The Homogenization of Online Culture in a Smart Society // SHS Web of Conferences. 2024. Vol. 202. P. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202420205001</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref15">
        <label>15</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tucker J.S. The Negative Impact of Social Media’s Algorithms on Society // Emerg. Writ. 2023. Vol. 6. Art. № 9. URL: https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/emergingwriters/vol6/iss1/9/ (дата обращения: 15.01.2024).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref16">
        <label>16</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">da Nobrega Martins K., Lopes Catão Rodrigues A. Networked Democracy: The Role of Algorithms in Freedom of Expression and Political Pluralism // Science and Connections: The Interdependence of Disciplines. 2024. P. 1255–1273. https://doi.org/10.56238/sevened2024.037-079</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref17">
        <label>17</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jung H., Dai W., Albarracín D. How Social Media Algorithms Shape Offline Civic Participation:</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref18">
        <label>18</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A Framework of Social-Psychological Processes // Perspect. Psychol. Sci. 2024. Vol. 19, № 5. P. 767–780. https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916231198471</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref19">
        <label>19</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Красиков В.И., Кудашов В.И. Как алгоритмы социальных сетей и социально-психологические уязвимости формируют участников радикальных онлайн-сообществ // Журн. Сиб. федер. ун-та. Гуманит. науки. 2023. Т. 16, № 12. С. 2208–2215.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref20">
        <label>20</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ceylan G., Anderson I.A., Wood W. Sharing of Misinformation is Habitual, Not Just Lazy or Biased // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2023. Vol. 120, № 4. Art. № E2216614120. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2216614120</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref21">
        <label>21</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Metzler H., Garcia D. Social Drivers and Algorithmic Mechanisms on Digital Media // Perspect. Psychol. Sci. 2024. Vol. 19, № 5. P. 735–748. https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916231185057</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref22">
        <label>22</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Voorveld H., Meppelink C.S., Boerman S.C. Consumers’ Persuasion Knowledge of Algorithms in Social Media Advertising: Identifying Consumer Groups Based on Awareness, Appropriateness, and Coping Ability // Int. J. Advertis. 2023. Vol. 43, № 7. P. 960–986.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref23">
        <label>23</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beer D. The Social Power of Algorithms // Inf., Commun. Soc. 2017. Vol. 20, № 1. P. 1–13.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref24">
        <label>24</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singh D.P. The Algorithmic Bias of Social Media // The Motley Undergrad. J. 2023. Vol. 1, № 2. P. 109–118. https://doi.org/10.55016/ojs/muj.v1i2.77457</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref25">
        <label>25</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yousef A.M.F, Alshamy A., Tlili A., Metwally A.H.S. Demystifying the New Dilemma of Brain Rot in the Digital Era: A Review // Brain Sci. 2025. № 15. Art. № 283. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15030283</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref26">
        <label>26</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ünsal F., Korkmaz Z. Excessive Digital Content Consumption and Cognitive Decline: Current Review of the ‘Brain Rot’ Phenomenon // Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar – Current Approaches in Psychiatry. 2026. № 18(2). P. 498–509. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1644556</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref27">
        <label>27</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Corredoira L., Mallén I., Cetina Presuel R. The Handbook of Communication Rights, Law, and Ethics. Hoboken, 2021. 352 p. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119719564.fmatter</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref28">
        <label>28</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chander A., Sun H. Sovereignty 2.0 // Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works. 2021. № 2021/041. P. 1–32. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3904949</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref29">
        <label>29</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лизикова М.С. Этические и правовые вопросы развития искусственного интеллекта // Тр. Ин-та государства и права РАН. 2022. Т. 17, № 1. С. 177–194. https://doi.org/10.35427/2073-4522-2022-17-1-lizikova</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref30">
        <label>30</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dyson G. Analogia: The Emergence of Technology Beyond Programmable Control. New York, 2020. 304 p.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref31">
        <label>31</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shalak V.I. Algoritmicheskaya model’ sotsial’nykh protsessov [Algorithmic Model of Social Processes]. Filosofskie problemy informatsionnykh tekhnologiy i kiberprostranstva, 2021, no. 1, pp. 46–62.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref32">
        <label>32</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Severini S. Computocene: Notes from an Age of Observation. ArXiv, 2025, pp. 1–16. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2505.21744</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref33">
        <label>33</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rheinberger H.J. Experimental Systems: Difference, Graphematicity, Conjuncture. Intellectual Birdhouse: Artistic Practice as Research. Köln, 2012, pp. 89–99.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref34">
        <label>34</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eckhardt S., Kühl N., Dolata M., Schwabe G. A Survey of AI Reliance. ACM Comput. Surv., 2025, vol. 58, no. 6, art. no. 161. https://doi.org/10.1145/3776528</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref35">
        <label>35</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Esposito E. Artificial Communication: How Algorithms Produce Social Intelligence. Cambridge, 2022. 200 p.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref36">
        <label>36</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nabil A., Sony R. Understanding the Algorithm: Meaning, Socio-Legal Context and Concerns. Legal Issues in the Digital Age, 2021, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 70–97. https://doi.org/10.17323/2713-2749.2021.4.70.97</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref37">
        <label>37</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saputra K., Muhammad S., Agung A. Systematic Literature Review of Understanding Social Media Algorithms and Their Impacts on Online Experiences. Proc. 3rd Int. Multi-Disciplinary Conf.: “Integrated Sciences and Technologies”, 2024, pp. 12–25. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.25-10-2023.2348715</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref38">
        <label>38</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Narayanan A. Understanding Social Media Recommendation Algorithms. New York, 2023. 39 p. https://doi.org/10.7916/khdk-m460</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref39">
        <label>39</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dolata M., Feuerriegel S., Schwabe G. A Sociotechnical View of Algorithmic Fairness. Inf. Syst. J., 2021, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 754–818. https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12370</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref40">
        <label>40</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sun H. The Right to Know Social Media Algorithms. Harv. L. Pol. Rev., 2023, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 1–57. Available at: https://journals.law.harvard.edu/lpr/wp-content/uploads/sites/89/2024/08/18.1-Right-to-Know-Social-Media-Algorithms.pdf (accessed: 10 December 2023)</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref41">
        <label>41</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sun H. Output Transparency: Differentiating Human and AI Creativity Through Legal Reforms. University of Hong Kong Faculty of Law Research Paper, 2025, art. no. 2025/30.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref42">
        <label>42</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wagner C., Strohmaier M., Olteanu A., Kiciman E., Contractor N., Eliassi-Rad T. Measuring Algorithmically Infused Societies. Nature, 2021, vol. 595, pp. 197–204. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03666-1</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref43">
        <label>43</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Putri S.D.G., Purnomo E.P., Khairunissa T. Echo Chambers and Algorithmic Bias: The Homogenization of Online Culture in a Smart Society. SHS Web of Conferences, 2024, vol. 202, pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202420205001</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref44">
        <label>44</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tucker J.S. The Negative Impact of Social Media’s Algorithms on Society. Emerg. Writ., 2023, vol. 6, art. 9. Available at: https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/emergingwriters/vol6/iss1/9/ (accessed: 15 January 2024).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref45">
        <label>45</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">da Nobrega Martins K., Lopes Catão Rodrigues A. Networked Democracy: The Role of Algorithms in Freedom of Expression and Political Pluralism. Science and Connections: The Interdependence of Disciplines, 2024, pp. 1255–1273. https://doi.org/10.56238/sevened2024.037-079</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref46">
        <label>46</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jung H., Dai W., Albarracín D. How Social Media Algorithms Shape Offline Civic Participation:</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref47">
        <label>47</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A Framework of Social-Psychological Processes. Perspect. Psychol. Sci., 2024, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 767–780. https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916231198471</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref48">
        <label>48</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krasikov V.I., Kudashov V.I. Kak algoritmy sotsial’nykh setey i sotsial’no-psikhologicheskie uyazvimosti formiruyut uchastnikov radikal’nykh onlayn-soobshchestv [How Social Networking Algorithms and Psychological Vulnerabilities Shape Participants in Radical Online Communities]. Zhurnal Sibirskogo federal’nogo universiteta. Gumanitarnye nauki, 2023, vol. 16, no. 12, pp. 2208–2215. https://doi.org/10.17516/1997-1370-1200</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref49">
        <label>49</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ceylan G., Anderson I.A., Wood W. Sharing of Misinformation is Habitual, Not Just Lazy or Biased. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2023, vol. 120, no 4, art. no. E2216614120. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2216614120</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref50">
        <label>50</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Metzler H., Garcia D. Social Drivers and Algorithmic Mechanisms on Digital Media. Perspect. Psychol. Sci., 2024, vol. 19, no 5, pp. 735–748. https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916231185057</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref51">
        <label>51</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voorveld H., Meppelink C.S., Boerman S.C. Consumers’ Persuasion Knowledge of Algorithms in Social Media Advertising: Identifying Consumer Groups Based on Awareness, Appropriateness, and Coping Ability. Int. J. Advertis., 2023, vol. 43, no. 7, pp. 960–986. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2023.2264045</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref52">
        <label>52</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beer D. The Social Power of Algorithms. Inf. Commun. Soc., 2017, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 1–13.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref53">
        <label>53</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singh D.P. The Algorithmic Bias of Social Media. The Motley Undergrad. J., 2023, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 109–118. https://doi.org/10.55016/ojs/muj.v1i2.77457</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref54">
        <label>54</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yousef A.M.F, Alshamy A., Tlili A., Metwally A.H.S. Demystifying the New Dilemma of Brain Rot in the Digital Era: A Review. Brain Sci, 2025, no. 15, art. no. 283. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15030283</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref55">
        <label>55</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ünsal F., Korkmaz Z. Excessive Digital Content Consumption and Cognitive Decline: Current Review of the ‘Brain Rot’ Phenomenon. Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar – Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 2026, no. 18(2), pp. 498–509. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1644556</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref56">
        <label>56</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Corredoira L., Mallén I.B., Cetina Presuel R. The Handbook of Communication Rights, Law, and Ethics. Hoboken, 2021. 352 p. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119719564</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref57">
        <label>57</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chander A., Sun H. Sovereignty 2.0. Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works, 2021, no. 2021/041, pp.1–32. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3904949</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref58">
        <label>58</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lizikova M.S. Eticheskie i pravovye voprosy razvitiya iskusstvennogo intellekta [Ethical and Legal Issues of Artificial Intelligence Development]. Trudy Instituta Gosudarstva i Prava RAN, 2022, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 177–194. https://doi.org/10.35427/2073-4522-2022-17-1-lizikova</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
</article>
