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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2687-1491</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал медико-биологических исследований</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Medical and Biological Research</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37482/2687-1491-Z291</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="uri">https://journals.narfu.ru/index.php/med/article/view/2423</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="ru">Дыхательный резерв при физической нагрузке у лыжников-гонщиков: вентиляционная емкость и вентиляционный запрос</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>Exercise Breathing Reserve in Cross-Country Skiers: Ventilatory Capacity vs. Ventilatory Demand</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Веселик</surname>
            <given-names>Алла Константиновна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Веселик</surname>
              <given-names>Алла Константиновна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Veselik</surname>
              <given-names>Alla K.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>veselik.ak@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8376-7570</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Варламова</surname>
            <given-names>Нина Геннадьевна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Варламова</surname>
              <given-names>Нина Геннадьевна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Varlamova</surname>
              <given-names>Nina G.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>nivarlam@physiol.komisc.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1444-4684</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Бойко</surname>
            <given-names>Евгений Рафаилович</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Бойко</surname>
              <given-names>Евгений Рафаилович</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Bojko</surname>
              <given-names>Evgeny R.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>boiko60@inbox.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8027-898X</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт физиологии Коми научного центра Уральского отделения Российской академии наук, ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН (Сыктывкар, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Physiology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Komi SC UB RAS (Syktyvkar, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-10-07">
        <day>07</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>14</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>53</fpage>
      <lpage>63</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-17">
          <day>17</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-04-13">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2026-04-10">
          <day>10</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© Веселик А.К., Варламова Н.Г., Бойко Е.Р., 2026</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Веселик А.К., Варламова Н.Г., Бойко Е.Р.</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Veselik A.K., Varlamova N.G., Bojko E.R.</copyright-holder>
        <license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>CC BY 4.0</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://journals.narfu.ru/index.php/med/article/view/2423">https://journals.narfu.ru/index.php/med/article/view/2423</self-uri>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Дыхательный резерв (ДР) − показатель респираторных ограничений, определяемый как разница между вентиляционной емкостью и вентиляционным запросом во время физической нагрузки. Однако неясно, какой из этих двух факторов оказывает наибольшее воздействие на ДР у лыжников-гонщиков при велоэргометрическом максимальном ступенчатом нагрузочном тесте (ВЭМ). Цель работы – изучить, как вентиляционные емкость и запрос влияют на ДР в ВЭМ у высокотренированных лыжников-гонщиков. Материалы и методы. Действующие члены национальной сборной Республики Коми по лыжным гонкам (n = 46; возраст 22,6±4,7 года) проходили спирометрию и ВЭМ в начале подготовительного этапа тренировочного цикла. ДР рассчитывался в покое и во время ВЭМ – на анаэробном пороге и при пиковой нагрузке. Спортсмены были разделены на группы с низким (≤20 %) и нормальным (&gt;20 %) ДР при пиковой нагрузке. Результаты. Выделенные группы не различались по показателям функции внешнего дыхания. Однако у группы с низким ДР при пиковой нагрузке выявлены: статистически значимо более высокие частота дыхания, минутный объем дыхания, вентиляционный эквивалент по углекислому газу, дыхательный коэффициент и статистически значимо более низкое парциальное давление углекислого газа в конце выдоха. ДР имел прямые корреляции с форсированной жизненной емкостью легких, объемом форсированного выдоха за первую секунду и индексом Тиффно при пиковой нагрузке. Наблюдалась обратная связь ДР с частотой и минутным объемом дыхания на протяжении всего теста, а также с потреблением кислорода (кроме пиковой нагрузки). Таким образом, у лыжников-гонщиков интенсивность физической нагрузки существенно влияет на связь между вентиляционной емкостью и ДР, в то время как связь между вентиляционным запросом и ДР остается постоянной. Важно отметить, что низкий ДР при пиковой нагрузке, даже при сравнимой физической работоспособности между группами лыжников, ассоциирован с повышенным вентиляционным запросом.</p>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Breathing reserve (BR), defined as the difference between ventilatory capacity and ventilatory demand during exercise, is an indicator of respiratory limitations. However, it is unclear which of the two factors has the greatest impact on BR in cross-country skiers during cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a bicycle ergometer (CPET). The purpose of this study is to investigate how ventilatory capacity and ventilatory demand influence BR during CPET in highly-trained cross-country skiers. Materials and methods. Current members of the Komi Republic national cross-country skiing team (n = 46; aged 22.6 ± 4.7) underwent spirometry and CPET at the beginning of the preparatory training period. BR was calculated at rest and during CPET – at the anaerobic threshold and at peak exercise. The athletes were divided into two groups with low BR (≤20%) and normal BR (&gt;20%) at peak exercise. Results. The two groups showed no lung function differences. However, at peak exercise, the low BR group demonstrated statistically significant higher breathing frequency, minute ventilation, ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide, respiratory exchange ratio, and lower end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure. BR directly correlated with forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in the first second and the Tiffeneau index at peak exercise. BR demonstrated an inverse correlation with breathing frequency and minute ventilation throughout the test, as well as with oxygen consumption (except at peak exercise). Thus, in cross-country skiers, exercise intensity significantly influences the relationship between ventilatory capacity and BR, while the relationship between ventilatory demand and BR remains constant. Importantly, low BR at peak exercise, even with comparable exercise capacity in the groups of skiers, is associated with increased ventilatory demand.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>дыхательный резерв</kwd>
        <kwd>высококвалифицированные лыжники-гонщики</kwd>
        <kwd>физическая нагрузка</kwd>
        <kwd>велоэргометрический тест</kwd>
        <kwd>функция внешнего дыхания</kwd>
        <kwd>легочная вентиляция</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>breathing reserve</kwd>
        <kwd>highly-trained cross-country skiers</kwd>
        <kwd>exercise</kwd>
        <kwd>bicycle ergometry test</kwd>
        <kwd>lung function</kwd>
        <kwd>ventilation</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено в рамках научно-исследовательской работы Института физиологии Коми научного центра Уральского отделения Российской академии наук (2022–2026 годы) № 1021051201877-3.</funding-statement>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was prepared as part of the research work of the Institute of Physiology of Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2022–2026) No. 1021051201877-3.</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
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