<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2687-1491</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал медико-биологических исследований</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Medical and Biological Research</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37482/2687-1491-Z293</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="uri">https://journals.narfu.ru/index.php/med/article/view/2463</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="ru">Гематологические и негематологические механизмы адаптации к интервальной гипоксии постинсультных пациентов в курсе реабилитации</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>Hematological and Non-Hematological Mechanisms of Adaptation to Intermittent Hypoxia in Post-Stroke Patients During Rehabilitation</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Глазачев</surname>
            <given-names>Олег Станиславович</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Глазачев</surname>
              <given-names>Олег Станиславович</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Glazachev</surname>
              <given-names>Oleg S.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>glazachev@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9960-6608</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Дудник</surname>
            <given-names>Елена Николаевна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Дудник</surname>
              <given-names>Елена Николаевна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Dudnik</surname>
              <given-names>Elena N.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>dudnik_e_n@staff.sechenov.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4571-1781</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Ньямукондива</surname>
            <given-names>Малачи</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Ньямукондива</surname>
              <given-names>Малачи</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Nyamukondiwa</surname>
              <given-names>Malachi</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>nyamukondiva_m@student.sechenov.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9834-2505</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Медведева</surname>
            <given-names>Анна Игоревна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Медведева</surname>
              <given-names>Анна Игоревна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Medvedeva</surname>
              <given-names>Anna I.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>smimula1@yandex.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Конева</surname>
            <given-names>Елизавета Сергеевна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Конева</surname>
              <given-names>Елизавета Сергеевна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Koneva</surname>
              <given-names>Elizaveta S.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>elizaveta.coneva@yandex.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9859-194X</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Похачевский</surname>
            <given-names>Андрей Леонидович</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Похачевский</surname>
              <given-names>Андрей Леонидович</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Pokhachevskiy</surname>
              <given-names>Andrey L.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>pokhachevskiy_a_l@staff.sechenov.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6610-007X</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет) (Москва, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) (Moscow, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff2">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы (Москва, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">People’s Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University) (Moscow, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff3">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет); Группа компаний «Медси» (Москва, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); Joint Stock Company Medsi Group (Moscow, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-10-07">
        <day>07</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>14</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>19</fpage>
      <lpage>32</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-01-23">
          <day>23</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-03-30">
          <day>30</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2026-03-27">
          <day>27</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© Глазачев О.С., Дудник Е.Н., Ньямукондива М., Медведева А.И., Конева Е.С., Похачевский А.Л., 2026</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Глазачев О.С., Дудник Е.Н., Ньямукондива М., Медведева А.И., Конева Е.С., Похачевский А.Л.</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Glazachev O.S., Dudnik E.N., Nyamukondiwa M., Medvedeva A.I., Koneva E.S., Pokhachevskiy A.L.</copyright-holder>
        <license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>CC BY 4.0</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://journals.narfu.ru/index.php/med/article/view/2463">https://journals.narfu.ru/index.php/med/article/view/2463</self-uri>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Обоснование и разработка техник гипоксического кондиционирования – активно развивающееся направление в физиологии и медицинской реабилитации. Цель работы – изучение гематологических и негематологических механизмов адаптации к интервальным гипоксически-гипероксическим экспозициям (ИГГЭ) у постинсультных пациентов для повышения эффективности комплексной нейрореабилитации. Материалы и методы. Выполнено проспективное рандомизированное контролируемое исследование 34 пациентов (мужчины и женщины в возрасте 46–73 лет), имеющих остаточные явления после инсульта. Участники были разделены на основную (19 чел., стандартная реабилитация + курс ИГГЭ) и контрольную (15 чел., только стандартная реабилитация) группы. Курс ИГГЭ включал 12 процедур на аппарате ReOxy®, проводимых в индивидуализированном режиме. Оценивались клинико-функциональные показатели (при помощи теста 6-минутной ходьбы (6МТХ), шкалы Бартела, психометрических шкал, тестов на кратковременную память и концентрацию внимания) и гематологические параметры до и после курса. Результаты. У пациентов основной группы отмечено значимое и более выраженное по отношению к контролю улучшение толерантности к физической нагрузке, а также рост способности к самообслуживанию. При этом наблюдалось более заметное снижение признаков астении (шкала MFI-21) и дневной сонливости, лучшее восстановление когнитивных функций. К концу курса реабилитации в крови лиц основной группы выявлены признаки активации эритропоэза: умеренное повышение уровня гемоглобина, концентрации ретикулоцитов и содержания гемоглобина в ретикулоцитах, а индекс стимуляции эритропоэза (OFF-Score) статистически значимо превышал данные контроля. Таким образом, включение ИГГЭ в стандартную программу реабилитации постинсультных пациентов приводит к значительным функциональным и когнитивным улучшениям, что, вероятно, обусловлено синергией гематологических и негематологических адаптивных механизмов. Метод ИГГЭ демонстрирует высокий клинический потенциал как адъювантная нелекарственная технология нейрореабилитации.</p>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>The rationale for and development of hypoxic conditioning techniques is an actively developing area in physiology and medical rehabilitation. The purpose of the study is to investigate the hematological and non-hematological mechanisms of adaptation to intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia exposures (IHHE) in post-stroke patients to enhance the effectiveness of comprehensive neurorehabilitation. Materials and methods. A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted involving 34 patients (males and females aged 46–73) with residual effects after a stroke. The patients were divided into a study group (19 subjects, standard rehabilitation + IHHE course) and a control group (15 subjects, standard rehabilitation only). The IHHE course consisted of 12 procedures administered using the ReOxy® device in an individualized mode. Clinical and functional indicators (using the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), the Barthel Index, psychometric scales, short-term memory and attention span tests) and hematological parameters were assessed before and after the course. Results. The patients in the study group demonstrated a significant and more pronounced improvement compared to the controls in exercise tolerance, as well as an increased self-care ability. Moreover, a more pronounced reduction in symptoms of asthenia (MFI-21) and daytime sleepiness, as well as better recovery of cognitive functions were observed. By the end of the rehabilitation course, signs of erythropoiesis activation were detected in the blood of the study group subjects: moderate increases in hemoglobin levels, reticulocyte concentration, and reticulocyte hemoglobin content, while the erythropoiesis stimulation index (OFF-Score) was statistically significantly higher than control values. Thus, incorporating IHHE into the standard rehabilitation program for post-stroke patients leads to significant functional and cognitive improvements, which is likely due to the synergy of hematological and non-hematological adaptive mechanisms. The IHHE method demonstrates high clinical potential as an adjuvant non-pharmacological technique for neurorehabilitation.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>интервальная гипоксия</kwd>
        <kwd>интервальные гипоксически-гипероксические экспозиции</kwd>
        <kwd>нейрореабилитация</kwd>
        <kwd>реабилитация после инсульта</kwd>
        <kwd>гематологическая адаптация</kwd>
        <kwd>негематологическая адаптация</kwd>
        <kwd>ретикулоциты</kwd>
        <kwd>OFF-Score</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>intermittent hypoxia</kwd>
        <kwd>intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia exposures</kwd>
        <kwd>neurorehabilitation</kwd>
        <kwd>post-stroke rehabilitation</kwd>
        <kwd>hematological adaptation</kwd>
        <kwd>non-hematological adaptation</kwd>
        <kwd>reticulocytes</kwd>
        <kwd>OFF-Score</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <ref id="ref1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burtscher J., Glazachev O.S., Kopp M., Burtscher M. Effects of Intermittent Hypoxia Exposures and Interval Hypoxic Training on Exercise Tolerance (Narrative Review) // Спортив. медицина: наука и практика. 2024. Т. 14, № 2. С. 16–23. https://doi.org/10.47529/2223-2524.2024.2.5</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Randy H., Perrin T.P., Ghaith A., Kohlbrenner D., Flore P., Champigneulle B., Guinot M., Doutreleau S., Brugniaux J., Verges S. et al. Moderate Intermittent Hypoxic Conditioning to Enhance Vascular Function and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the Elderly: A Randomised Controlled Trial // Physiol. Rep. 2025. Vol. 13, № 19. Art. № e70432. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00160.2025</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang Q., Zhao W., Li S., Ding Y., Wang Y., Ji X. Intermittent Hypoxia Conditioning: A Potential Multi-Organ Protective Therapeutic Strategy // Int. J. Med. Sci. 2023. Vol. 20, № 12. Р. 1551–1561. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.86622</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref4">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aderinto N., Olatunji G., Kokori E., Ukoaka B., Babalola A.E., Ogieuhi I.J., Moradeyo A., Yusuf I.A., Oluwatomisin A.O., Oluwakorede A.T. et al. Understanding the Biological Effects of Hypoxia in Ischemic Stroke: Implications for Rehabilitation and Recovery // Discov. Med. 2024. Vol. 1, № 1. Art. № 130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44337-024-00161-0</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref5">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yuan H., Liu J., Gu Y., Ji X., Nan G. Intermittent Hypoxia Conditioning as a Potential Prevention and Treatment Strategy for Ischemic Stroke: Current Evidence and Future Directions // Front. Neurosci. 2022. Vol. 16. Art. № 1067411. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2022.1067411</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref6">
        <label>6</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бондаренко Н.Н., Хомутов Е.В., Ряполова Т.Л., Кишеня М.С., Игнатенко Т.С., Толстой В.А., Евтушенко И.С., Туманова С.В. Молекулярно-клеточные механизмы ответа организма на гипоксию // Ульянов. мед.-биол. журн. 2023. № 2. С. 6–29. https://doi.org/10.34014/2227-1848-2023-2-6-29</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref7">
        <label>7</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Семенов Д.Г., Беляков А.В. Гипоксическое кондиционирование как стимул формирования гипоксической толерантности мозга // Успехи физиол. наук. 2023. Т. 54, № 2. С. 3–19. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0301179823020066</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref8">
        <label>8</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Behrendt T., Bielitzki R., Behrens M., Herold M., Schega L. Effects of Intermittent Hypoxia–Hyperoxia on Performance- and Health-Related Outcomes in Humans: A Systematic Review // Sports Med. Open. 2022. Vol. 8, № 1. Art. № 70. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-022-00450-x</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref9">
        <label>9</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burtscher J., Mallet R.T., Pialoux V., Millet G.P., Burtscher M. Adaptive Responses to Hypoxia and/or Hyperoxia in Humans // Antioxid. Redox Signal. 2022. Vol. 37, № 13–15. P. 887–912. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2021.0280</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref10">
        <label>10</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bestavashvili A.A., Glazachev O.S., Bestavashvili A.A., Dhif I., Suvorov A.Yu., Vorontsov N.V., Tuter D.S., Gognieva D.G., Zhang Y., Pavlov Ch.S. et al. The Effects of Intermittent Hypoxic–Hyperoxic Exposures on Lipid Profile and Inflammation in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome // Front. Cardiovasc. Med. 2021. Vol. 8. Art. № 700826. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.700826</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref11">
        <label>11</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бушкова Ю.В., Суворов А.Ю., Иванова Г.Е., Нырков Г.В., Тулупов Д.О. Использование интервальной нормобарической гипокси-гиперокситерапии в реабилитации пациентов с острым нарушением мозгового кровообращения (промежуточные результаты исследования) // Вестн. восстановит. медицины. 2018. № 3. С. 115–122.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref12">
        <label>12</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuriakose D., Xiao Z. Pathophysiology and Treatment of Stroke: Present Status and Future Perspectives // Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020. Vol. 21, № 20. Art. № 7609. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207609</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref13">
        <label>13</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Täger T., Hanholz W., Cebola R., Fröhlich H., Franke J., Doesch A., Katus H.A., Wians F.H. Jr., Frankenstein L. Minimal Important Difference for 6-Minute Walk Test Distances among Patients with Chronic Heart Failure // Int. J. Cardiol. 2014. Vol. 176, № 1. Р. 94–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.06.035</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref14">
        <label>14</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tobin B., Costalat G., Renshaw G.M.C. Intermittent not Continuous Hypoxia Provoked Haematological Adaptations in Healthy Seniors: Hypoxic Pattern May Hold the Key // Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 2020. Vol. 120, № 3. Р. 707–718. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-020-04310-y</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref15">
        <label>15</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Afari M.E., Bhat T. Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Cardiovascular Diseases: An Update // Expert Rev. Cardiovasc. Ther. 2016. Vol. 14, № 5. Р. 573–577. https://doi.org/10.1586/14779072.2016.1154788</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref16">
        <label>16</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wojan F., Stray-Gundersen S., Nagel M.J., Lalande S. Short Exposure to Intermittent Hypoxia Increases Erythropoietin Levels in Healthy Individuals // J. Appl. Physiol. (1985). 2021. Vol. 130, № 6. Р. 1955–1960. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00941.2020</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref17">
        <label>17</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duderstadt Y., Schreiber S., Burtscher J., Schega L., Müller N.G., Brigadski T., Braun-Dullaeus R.C., Leßmann V., Müller P. Controlled Hypoxia Acutely Prevents Physical Inactivity-Induced Peripheral BDNF Decline // Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024. Vol. 25, № 14. Art. № 7536. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147536</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref18">
        <label>18</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guan Y., Gu Y., Shao H., Ma W., Li G., Guo M., Shao Q., Li Y., Liu Y., Wang C. et al. Intermittent Hypoxia Protects Against Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage by Inducing Functional Angiogenesis // J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 2023. Vol. 43, № 10. P. 1656–1671. https://doi.org/10.1177/0271678X231185507</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref19">
        <label>19</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang R., Li J., Duan Y., Tao Z., Zhao H., Luo Y. Effects of Erythropoietin on Gliogenesis During Cerebral Ischemic/Reperfusion Recovery in Adult Mice // Ageing Dis. 2017. Vol. 8, № 4. P. 410–419. https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2016.1209</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref20">
        <label>20</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iwamoto E., Hanson B.E., Bock J.M., Casey D.P. Intermittent Hypoxia Enhances Shear-Mediated Dilation of the Internal Carotid Artery in Young Adults // J. Appl. Physiol. (1985). 2020. Vol. 129, № 3. Р. 603–611. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00274.2020</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref21">
        <label>21</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stray-Gundersen S., Massoudian S.D., Wojan F., Tanaka H., Lalande S. Hypoxic Preconditioning Reduces Endothelial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Older Adults // Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 2022. Vol. 323, № 5. Р. R832–R838. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00200.2022</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref22">
        <label>22</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hornby T.G., Plawecki A., Lotter J.K., Shoger L.H., Voigtmann C.J., Inks E., Henderson C.E. Acute Intermittent Hypoxia with High-Intensity Gait Training in Chronic Stroke: A Phase II Randomised Crossover Trial // Stroke. 2024. Vol. 55, № 7. P. 1748–1757. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.124.047261</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref23">
        <label>23</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burtscher J., Glazachev O.S., Kopp M., Burtscher M. Effects of Intermittent Hypoxia Exposures and Interval Hypoxic Training on Exercise Tolerance (Narrative Review). Sports Med. Res. Pract., 2024, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 16–23. https://doi.org/10.47529/2223-2524.2024.2.5</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref24">
        <label>24</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Randy H., Perrin T.P, Ghaith A., Kohlbrenner D., Flore P., Champigneulle B., Guinot M., Doutreleau S., Brugniaux J., Verges S. et al. Moderate Intermittent Hypoxic Conditioning to Enhance Vascular Function and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the Elderly: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Physiol. Rep., 2025, vol. 13, no. 19. Art. no. e70432. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00160.2025</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref25">
        <label>25</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang Q., Zhao W., Li S., Ding Yu., Wang Yu., Ji X. Intermittent Hypoxia Conditioning: A Potential Multi-Organ Protective Therapeutic Strategy. Int. J. Med. Sci., 2023, vol. 20, no. 12, pp. 1551–1561. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.86622</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref26">
        <label>26</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aderinto N., Olatunji G., Kokori E., Ukoaka B., Babalola A.E., Ogieuhi I.J., Moradeyo A., Yusuf I.A., Oluwatomisin A.O., Oluwakorede A.T. et al. Understanding the Biological Effects of Hypoxia in Ischemic Stroke: Implications for Rehabilitation and Recovery. Discov. Med., 2024, vol. 1, no. 1. Art. no. 130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44337-024-00161-0</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref27">
        <label>27</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yuan H., Liu J., Gu Y., Ji X., Nan G. Intermittent Hypoxia Conditioning as a Potential Prevention and Treatment Strategy for Ischemic Stroke: Current Evidence and Future Directions. Front. Neurosci., 2022, vol. 16. Art. no. 1067411. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2022.1067411</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref28">
        <label>28</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bondarenko N.N., Khomutov E.V., Ryapolova T.L., Kishenya M.S., Ignatenko T.S., Tolstoy V.A., Evtushenko I.S., Tumanova S.V. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Hypoxic Response. Ulyanovsk Med. Biol. J., 2023, no. 2, pp. 6–29 (in Russ.). https://doi.org/10.34014/2227-1848-2023-2-6-29</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref29">
        <label>29</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Semenov D.G., Belyakov A.V. Hypoxic Conditioning as a Stimulus for the Formation of Hypoxic Tolerance of the Brain. Prog. Physiol. Sci., 2023, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 3–19 (in Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31857/S0301179823020066</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref30">
        <label>30</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Behrendt T., Bielitzki R., Behrens M., Herold M., Schega L. Effects of Intermittent Hypoxia–Hyperoxia on Performance- and Health-Related Outcomes in Humans: A Systematic Review. Sports Med. Open, 2022, vol. 8, no. 1. Art. no. 70. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-022-00450-x</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref31">
        <label>31</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burtscher J., Mallet R.T., Pialoux V., Millet G.P., Burtscher M. Adaptive Responses to Hypoxia and/or Hyperoxia in Humans. Antioxid. Redox Signal., 2022, vol. 37, no. 13–15, pp. 887–912. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2021.0280</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref32">
        <label>32</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bestavashvili A.A., Glazachev O.S., Bestavashvili A.A., Dhif I., Suvorov A.Yu., Vorontsov N.V., Tuter D.S., Gognieva D.G., Zhang Y., Pavlov Ch.S. et al. The Effects of Intermittent Hypoxic–Hyperoxic Exposures on Lipid Profile and Inflammation in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 2021, vol. 8. Art. no. 700826. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.700826</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref33">
        <label>33</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bushkova J.V., Suvorov A.U., Ivanova G.Е., Nyrkov G.V., Tulupov D.O. Normobaric Interval Hypoxia-Hyperoxic Therapy (IHHT) in the Process of Medical Rehabilitation of Patients after Stroke. Bull. Rehabil. Med., 2018, no. 3, pp. 115–122 (in Russ.).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref34">
        <label>34</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuriakose D., Xiao Z. Pathophysiology and Treatment of Stroke: Present Status and Future Perspectives. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2020, vol. 21, no. 20. Art. no. 7609. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207609</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref35">
        <label>35</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Täger T., Hanholz W., Cebola R., Fröhlich H., Franke J., Doesch A., Katus H.A., Wians F.H. Jr., Frankenstein L. Minimal Important Difference for 6-Minute Walk Test Distances among Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. Int. J. Cardiol., 2014, vol. 176, no. 1, pp. 94–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.06.035</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref36">
        <label>36</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tobin B., Costalat G., Renshaw G.M.C. Intermittent not Continuous Hypoxia Provoked Haematological Adaptations in Healthy Seniors: Hypoxic Pattern May Hold the Key. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 2020, vol. 120, no. 3, pp. 707–718. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-020-04310-y</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref37">
        <label>37</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Afari M.E., Bhat T. Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Cardiovascular Diseases: An Update. Expert Rev. Cardiovasc. Ther., 2016, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 573–577. https://doi.org/10.1586/14779072.2016.1154788</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref38">
        <label>38</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wojan F., Stray-Gundersen S., Nagel M.J., Lalande S. Short Exposure to Intermittent Hypoxia Increases Erythropoietin Levels in Healthy Individuals. J. Appl. Physiol. (1985), 2021, vol. 130, no. 6, pp. 1955–1960. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00941.2020</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref39">
        <label>39</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duderstadt Y., Schreiber S., Burtscher J., Schega L., Müller N.G., Brigadski T., Braun-Dullaeus R.C., Leßmann V., Müller P. Controlled Hypoxia Acutely Prevents Physical Inactivity-Induced Peripheral BDNF Decline. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2024, vol. 25, no. 14. Art. no. 7536. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147536</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref40">
        <label>40</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guan Y., Gu Y., Shao H., Ma W., Li G., Guo M., Shao Q., Li Y., Liu Y., Wang C. et al. Intermittent Hypoxia Protects against Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage by Inducing Functional Angiogenesis. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 2023, vol. 43, no. 10, pp. 1656–1671. https://doi.org/10.1177/0271678X231185507</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref41">
        <label>41</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang R., Li J., Duan Y., Tao Z., Zhao H., Luo Y. Effects of Erythropoietin on Gliogenesis During Cerebral Ischemic/Reperfusion Recovery in Adult Mice. Ageing Dis., 2017, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 410–419. https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2016.1209</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref42">
        <label>42</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iwamoto E., Hanson B.E., Bock J.M., Casey D.P. Intermittent Hypoxia Enhances Shear-Mediated Dilation of the Internal Carotid Artery in Young Adults. J. Appl. Physiol. (1985), 2020, vol. 129, no. 3, pp. 603–611. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00274.2020</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref43">
        <label>43</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stray-Gundersen S., Massoudian S.D., Wojan F., Tanaka H., Lalande S. Hypoxic Preconditioning Reduces Endothelial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Older Adults. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol., 2022, vol. 323, no. 5, pp. R832–R838. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00200.2022</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref44">
        <label>44</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hornby T.G., Plawecki A., Lotter J.K., Shoger L.H., Voigtmann C.J., Inks E., Henderson C.E. Acute Intermittent Hypoxia with High-Intensity Gait Training in Chronic Stroke: A Phase II Randomised Crossover Trial. Stroke, 2024, vol. 55, no. 7, pp. 1748–1757. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.124.047261</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
</article>
