Влияние питательного субстрата на рост и распределение биомассы сеянцев Picea obovata Ledeb. в Северной Монголии
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-6-57-69Ключевые слова:
биомасса, высота, диаметр, ель сибирская, Северная Монголия, питательный субстрат, прирост, теплицаАннотация
Разработка технологии производства сеянцев и способов создания высокопродуктивных насаждений Picea obovata Ledeb. на научной основе является одной из актуальных проблем лесного хозяйства Монголии. Проведен сравнительный анализ показателей роста выращенных на различных питательных субстратах сеянцев ели сибирской и накопления их биомассы. Оценена взаимосвязь между ростом сеянцев, накоплением их биомассы и свойствами почвы. Определены наиболее оптимальные питательные субстраты для выращивания сеянцев в тепличных условиях Северной Монголии. Сеянцы ели сибирской выращивали в теплицах, оборудованных системой дождевания. Применяли 6 видов питательных субстратов: T1, Т2, Т3, Т4, Т5, Т6. Питательные субстраты готовили с использованием чернозема, навоза, компоста, торфа, опилок и песка в различных соотношениях. В течение 4-летнего периода наблюдений в конце каждого вегетационного периода измеряли высоту, диаметр корневой шейки, длину корня и определяли надземную и подземную биомассу сеянцев. Биомасса сеянцев разделена на несколько структурных элементов. Установлено, что все испытанные питательные субстраты, за исключением контрольного (Т1), оказали положительное влияние на рост сеянцев в высоту и по диаметру. Сравнительный анализ показал, что различные соотношение и состав чернозема, компоста, навоза, опилок и песка в питательном субстрате по-разному влияют на рост сеянцев (p > 0,001) и накопление биомассы (p > 0,001). Питательные субстраты Т2 (50 % чернозема + 20 % песка + 20 % торфа + 10 % компоста) и Т6 (60 % чернозема + 20 % песка + 10 % торфа + 10 % компоста) оказались наиболее эффективными, подходящими для дальнейшего производства сеянцев ели сибирской в тепличных условиях Монголии. Отмечено, что хорошее развитие корневой системы было определяющим фактором роста сеянцев в высоту, по диаметру и накопления надземной биомассы, особенно с 3–4-летнего возраста. Рост сеянцев ели положительно коррелировал не только с содержанием гумуса (r = 0,46), но и с кислотностью почвы (r = 0,43) и доступным фосфором (r = 0,48). Результаты этих оценок являются важным вкладом в разработку технологии выращивания стандартных и крупномерных сеянцев P. obovata в тепличных комплексах Северной Монголии.
Для цитирования: Жагдаг Д., Батсайхан Г., Баатарбилэг Н., Лобанов А.И., Гэрэлбаатар С. Влияние питательного субстрата на рост и распределение биомассы сеянцев Picea obovata Ledeb. в Северной Монголии // Изв. вузов. Лесн. журн. 2023. № 6. С. 57–69. https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-6-57-69
Скачивания
Библиографические ссылки
Babushkina E.A., Belokopytova L.V., Zhirnova D., Barabantsova A., Vaganov E. Divergent Growth Trends and Climatic Response of Picea obovata along Elevational Gradient in Western Sayan Mountains, Siberia. Journal of Mountain Science, 2018, vol. 15, iss. 11, pp. 2378–2397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-018-4974-6
Bat-Erdene J., Dashzeveg Ts., Dugarjav Ch., Odgerel O., Lobanov A.I., Gerelbaatar S., Erdenekhüleg D. Reforestation and Culture. Forests of Mongolia: Forest Ecosystems of the Khubsugul Region, Dynamics, Renewal and Biological Diversity, 2018, vol. 5, pp. 204–233. (In Mongolian).
Bauer V.V. Technology of Growing Forest Crops with Large-Sized Planting Material in the Conditions of the Kazakhstan Altai: Cand. Agr. Sci. Diss. Abs. Sverdlovsk, LTI Publ., 1991. 22 p. (In Russ.).
Bezrukova E.V., Abzaeva А.А., Letunova P.P., Kulagina N.V., Vershinin K.E., Belov A.V., Orlova L.A., Danko L.V., Krapivina S.M. Post-glacial History of Siberian Spruce (Picea obovata) in the Lake Baikal Area and the Significance of this Species as a PaleoEnvironmental Indicator. Quaternary International, 2005, vol. 136, iss. 1, pp. 47–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2004.11.007
Bobrinev V.P., Park L.N., Banshchikova E.A. Agricultural Technology of Cultivation of Siberian Spruce Seedlings in the Trans-Baikal Territory. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2017, no. 3, pp. 70–77. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17238/issn0536-1036.2017.3.70
Butorova O.F. Bioecological Bases for Growing Seedlings and Forest Crops in Eastern Siberia: Doc. Agr. Sci. Diss. Abs. Krasnoyarsk, KGTA Publ., 1996. 44 p. (In Russ.).
Center for Forest Research and Development (CFRD). Report on Forest Resources of Mongolia. Ulaanbaatar, 2020. 46 p. (In Mongolian).
Dashzeveg Ts. Scientific Basis for the Restoration of Coniferous Forests in Mongolia. Ulaanbaatar, Sogoo Nur Publ., 2014. 224 p. (In Mongolian).
Dashzeveg Ts., Amartuvshin S. Results of the Assessments on Seedling Production for Pinus sibirica (Rupr.) Mayr. and Picea obovata Ledeb. Proceedings of Mongolian Academy of Sciences, 2012, vol. 52, iss. 2, no. 202, pp. 12–19.
David T.S., Pinto C.A., Nadezhdina N., David J.S. Water and Forests in the Mediterranean Hot Climate Zone: A Review Based on a Hydraulic Interpretation of Tree Functioning. Forest Systems, 2016, vol. 25, iss. 2, pp. 1–14. https://doi.org/10.5424/fs/2016252-08899
Drössler L., Agestam E., Bielak K., Dudzinska M., Koricheva Ju., Liziniewicz M., Löf M., Mason B., Pretzsch H., Valkonen S., Wellhausen K. Over- and Underyielding in Time and Space in Experiments with Mixed Stands of Scots Pine and Norway Spruce. Forests, 2018, vol. 9, iss. 8, pp. 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/f9080495
Gerelbaatar S., Batsaikhan G., Tsogtbaatar J., Battulga P., Baatarbileg N., Gradel A. Assessment of Early Survival and Growth of Planted Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Seedlings under Extreme Continental Climate Conditions of Northern Mongolia. Journal of Forestry Research, 2020, vol. 31, iss. 1–2, pp. 13–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-019-00935-8
Heiskanen J., Saksa T., Luoranen J. Soil Preparation Method Affects Outplanting Success of Norway Spruce Container Seedlings on till Soils Susceptible to Frost Heave. Silva Fennica, 2013, vol. 47, no. 1, art. 893. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.893
Iakovoglou V., Takos I., Pantazi G., Pipsou A., Neofotistou M. Growth Responses of Seedlings Produced by Parent Seeds from Specifc Altitudes. Journal of Forest Research, 2020, vol. 31, iss. 6, pp. 2121–2127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-019-01030-8
Jagdag D., Batsaikhan G., Baatarbileg N., Naranbayar E., Ganbat D., Bayartulga A. Gerelbaatar S. A Comparative Study of the Seedling Production Technology of Picea obovata Ledeb. in the Forest-Steppe Ecotone of Northern Mongolia. Proceeding of the Mongolian Academy of Science, 2021, vol. 61, no. 03(239), pp. 36–43. https://doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v61i03.1821
Jagdag D., LobanovA.I., Baatarbileg N., Gerelbaatar S., Batsaikhan G. Agrotechnics for Growing Large-Sized Planting Material Picea obovata Ledeb. in Greenhouse Complexes in Mongolia. Proceedings of the Interuniversity International Congress (Moscow, June 9, 2022). Moscow, Infiniti Publ., 2022, pp. 190–201.
Johansson K., Nilsson U., Allen H.L. Interactions between Soil Scarification and Norway Spruce Seedling Types. New Forests, 2007, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 13–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-006-9010-y
Kasimov N.S., Kosheleva N.E., Sorokina O.I., Basha S.N., Gunin P.D., EnkhAmgalan S. Ecological-geochemical State of Soils in Ulaanbaatar (Mongolia). Eurasian Soil Science, 2011, vol. 44, no. 7, pp. 709–721. https://doi.org/10.1134/S106422931107009X
Kim J.K., Shawon M.R.A., An J.H., Yun Y.J., Park S.J., Na J.K., Choi K.Y. Influence of Substrate Composition and Container Size on the Growth of Tissue Culture Propagated Apple Rootstock Plants. Agronomy, 2021, vol. 11, iss. 12, art. 2450. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11122450
Kirienko M.A., Goncharova I.A. The Prolonged Influence of Growth Stimulants on Morphometric Indicators of Three-Year Seedlings of Main Forest Forming Species of Central Siberia. Siberian Journal of Forest Science, 2018, no. 1, pp. 65–70. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.15372/SJFS20180107
Kogan A.M., Mosin V.I. Growing Seedlings of Coniferous Species in Greenhouses with Polyethylene Coating in the Rudny Altai. Problems of Reforestation in the Taiga Zone of the USSR. Proceedings of the All-Union Conference. Krasnoyarsk, ILiD SO AN SSSR Publ., 1988, pp. 112–113. (In Russ.).
Kogan V.N., Kogan A.M. Cultivation of Large-sized Seedlings with a Closed Root System in the Taiga Zone of East Kazakhstan. Problems of Reforestation in the Taiga Zone of the USSR. Proceedings of the All-Union. Conference. Krasnoyarsk, ILiD SO AN SSSR Publ., 1988, pp. 113–115. (In Russ.).
Kopytkov V.V. Development of Organomineral Composts for Growing Forest Planting Material. Reports of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 2021, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 380–384. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.29235/1561-8323-2021-65-3-380-384
Koropachinsky I.Yu., Potemkin O.N., Rudikovskiy A.V., Kuznetsova E.V. Polymorphism and Population Structure of the Siberian Spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.) at the Northern Limit of the Species Distribution. Contemporary Problems of Ecology, 2012, no. 5, pp. 127–135. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995425512020084
Krasnoshchekov Yu.N. Soil Cover and the Soils of Mountain Forests in Northern Mongolia. Novosibirsk, Nauka Publ., 2013. 196 p. (In Russ.).
Korotkov I.A., Tsedendash G., Yanovsky V.M., Gall J., Ogorodnikov A.V. Map of the Forests of the Mongolian People's Republic (Scale 1:1500000). Moscow, GUGK MPR & GUGK USSR Publ., 1983. (In Russ.).
Lambers H., Shane M.W., Cramer M.D., Pearse S.J., Veneklaas E.J. Root Structure and Functioning for Efficient Acquisition of Phosphorus: Matching Morphological and Physiological Traits, Annals of Botany, 2006, vol. 98, iss. 4, pp. 693–713. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcl114
Langvall O., Örlander G. Effects of Pine Shelterwoods on Microclimate and Frost Damage to Norway Spruce Seedlings. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2001, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 155–164. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-31-1-155
Lyuminarskaya M.A., Varaksin G.S. Siberian Spruce Cultures in the Southern Taiga, and Forest-Steppe Regions of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Krasnoyarsk, KrasGAU Publ., 2010. 130 p. (In Russ.).
MakarenkoV.Ya., Sosnin N.A., Yamaleev M.M. Recommendations for the Accelerated Cultivation of Seedlings of the Main Tree Species in Greenhouses with Synthetic Coating in Northern and Eastern Kazakhstan. Alma-Ata, KazNIILKhA Publ., 1979. 22 p. (In Russ.).
Maslenkov P.G. Evaluation of Different Methods of Reforestation. Formation of Forest Ecosystems under Conditions of Intensive Forest Exploitation. Novosibirsk, Siberian Enterprise RAN Publ., 1998, pp. 138–158. (In Russ.).
Matveeva R.N., Butorova O.F. Peculiarities of Growing Planting Material and Coniferous Forest Cultures in Eastern Siberia. Krasnoyarsk, KGTA Publ., 1997. 200 p. (In Russ.).
Matveeva R.N., Nevzorov V.N., Butorova O.F. Recommendations for Growing Coniferous Seedlings in Eastern Siberia. Krasnoyarsk, KGTA Publ., 1996. 26 p. (In Russ.).
Meteorological Reference Book of People’s Republic of Mongolia. Ulaanbaatar, 1971, vol. 1. 319 p. (In Mongolian).
Ministry of Environment and Tourism. Mongolia’s Forest Reference Level Submission to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. UN-REDD Mongolia National Program. Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, 2018. 218 p.
Mitchell P.J., Veneklass E.J., Lambers H., Burgess S.S.O. Leaf Water Relations During Summer Water Deficit: Differential Responses in Turgor Maintenance and Variation in Leaf Structure among Different Plant Communities in South-Western Australia. Plant Cell Environment, 2008, vol. 31, iss. 12, pp. 1791–1802. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01882.x
Nilsson O., Hjelm K., Nilsson U. Early Growth of Planted Norway Spruce and Scots Pine after Site Preparation in Sweden. Scandinavian Journals of Forest Research, 2019, vol. 34, iss. 8, pp. 678–688. https://doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2019.1659398
Nzokou P., Cregg B.M. Morphology and Foliar Chemistry of Containerized Abies froseri (Pursh) Poir. Seedlings as Affected by Water Availability and Nutrition. Annals of Forest Science, 2010, vol. 67, iss. 6, art. 602. https://doi.org/10.1051/forest/2010015
Peterson L.K., Bergen K.M., Brown D.G., Vashchuk L., Blam Y. Forested Land-Cover Patterns and Trends over Changing Forest Management Eras in the Siberian Baikal Region. Forest Ecology and Management, 2009, vol. 257, iss. 3, pp. 911–922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.10.037
Pogosova N.P., Safronova G.P. Growing Seedlings of Siberian Spruce. Forestry, 1980, no. 9, pp. 31–33. (In Russ.).
Redko G.I., Ogievsky D.V., Nakvasina E.N., Romanov E.M. Bioecological Bases for Growing Pine and Spruce Seedlings in Nurseries. Moscow, Lesnaya promslennost’ Publ., 1983. 64 p. (In Russ.).
Regdel D., Dugarjav Ch., Gunin P.D. Ecological Вemands to Social-Economic Development of Mongolia under Climate Aridization. Arid Ecosystems, 2012, vol. 2, pp. 1–10. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079096112010076
Shimanyuk A.P. Biology of Trees and Shrubs of the USSR. Moscow, Uchpedgiz Publ., 1957. 333 p. (In Russ.).
Stavrova N.I., Gorshkov V.V., Katjutin P.N., Bakka I.Ju. The Structure of Northern Siberian Spruce–Scots Pine Forests at Different Stages of Post-Fire Succession. Forests, 2020, vol. 11, iss. 5, art. 558. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11050558
Sutton R. Planting Stock Quality, Root Growth Capacity, and Field Performance of Three Boreal Conifers. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 1987, vol. 17, no. 8, pp. 794–804.
Wagner R.G., Robinson A.P. Critical Period of Interspecific Competition for Four Northern Conifers: 10-Year Growth Response and Associated Vegetation Dynamics. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2006, vol. 36, no. 10, pp. 2474–2485. https://doi.org/10.1139/x06-058
Wallertz K., Björklund N., Hjelm K., Petersson M., Sundblad L.-G. Comparison of Different Site Preparation Techniques: Quality of Planting Spots, Seedling Growth and Pine Weevil Damage. New Forests, 2018, no. 49, pp. 705–722. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-018-9634-8
Загрузки
Опубликован
Как цитировать
Выпуск
Раздел
Лицензия
Это произведение доступно по лицензии Creative Commons «Attribution» («Атрибуция») 4.0 Всемирная.
