Protection of Spruce Forests from Outbreaks of Ips typographus (Review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2021-4-55-67Keywords:
Ips typographus, forest ecosystem, ecology, forest management, spruce forestsAbstract
Outbreaks of Ips typographus (L.) caused by catastrophic natural phenomena in Central Europe, Siberia and the Far East have been the subject of numerous scientific studies. Molecular methods were used to analyze the relationships and origin of Ips species. The review article shows in detail the biological characteristics of I. typographus, such as the effect of temperature on vital parameters and flight behavior. It was found that the spruce bark beetle disperses within 500 m. However, new attacks occur in the immediate vicinity of the old foci. The susceptibility and protection mechanisms of trees are critical to a successful bark beetle attack. The newly attacked trees react with preformed resin, reactions to wounds, and, ultimately, systemic changes in physiology. The risk assessment in the studies was carried out both at the tree level and at the forest level as a whole. The risk of an attack of I. typographus is associated with the growth of the forest in a particular area, age, the flow of nutrients and water to the tree. The dynamics of outbreaks, to a large extent, depend on the abundance of I. typographus, susceptibility of trees, weather conditions and phytosanitary measures. Bark beetle I. typographus is an integral component of any forest ecosystem. It colonize weakened, weak or dead trees, and thus begins the decomposition of bark and wood. This pest is able to use short-lived resources and quickly multiply to extremely large numbers, for example, after winds. In such epidemic situations, I. typographus can pose a serious threat to spruce-rich forests, especially for stands planted outside their optimal range. The spatial development of I. typographus infections can be analyzed using GIS and multiple regression methods to investigate potential correlations between climatic, specific and phytosanitary factors and infection dynamics. Also, the article discusses various methods of forest control and emphasizes the need for more sophisticated risk assessment tools.
For citation: Pirtskhalava-Karpova N.R., Karpov A.A., Kozlovski E.E., Grishchenko M.Yu. Protection of Spruce Forests from Outbreaks of Ips typographus (Review). Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 4, pp. 55–67. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-4-55-67
Downloads
References
Кобельков М.Е. Причины распространения очагов стволовых вредителей и меры по стабилизации санитарного и лесопатологического состояния лесов Московской области // Комплексные меры защиты ельников европейской части России по подавлению вспышки массового размножения короеда-типографа. Пушкино, 2001. С. 13–14.
Kobel’kov M.E. Reasons for the Distribution of Foci of Stem Pests and Measures for Stabilization of Sanitary and Forest Pathological Condition of Forests in the Moscow Region. Comprehensive Protection Measures for Spruce Forests in the European Part of Russia to suppress the Outbreak of Mass Reproduction of the Bark Beetle. Pushkino, 2001, pp. 13–14.
Кобельков М.Е. Проблема защиты еловых лесов от короеда типографа в Московской области // Лесн. хоз-во. 2003. № 1. С. 33.
Kobel’kov M.E. The Problem of Protecting Spruce Forests from the Bark Beetle in the Moscow Region. Lesnoye khozyaystvo, 2003, no. 1, p. 33.
Лебедева К.В., Вендило Н.В., Плетнев В.А. Феромоны в защите лесов от вредителей // Комплексные меры защиты ельников европейской части России по подавлению вспышки массового размножения короеда-типографа. Пушкино, 2001. С. 30–35.
Lebedeva K.V., Vendilo N.V., Pletnev V.A. Pheromones in Protection of Forests from Pests. Comprehensive Protection Measures for Spruce Forests in the European Part of Russia to Suppress the Outbreak of Mass Reproduction of the Bark Beetle. Pushkino, 2001, pp. 30–35.
Марченко Я.И. Феромонизация энтомониторинга в лесах Беларуси: результаты и их оценка // Леса Беларуси и их рациональное использование. Минск: БГТУ , 2000. С. 216–218.
Marchenko Ya.I. Pheromonization of entomonitoring in the Forests of Belarus: Results and Their Assessment. Forests of Belarus and Their Rational Use. Minsk, BSTU Publ., 2000, pp. 216–218.
Маслов А.Д. Новая волна массового размножения короеда типографа в ельниках Восточной Европы // Лесн. хоз-во. 2003. № 1. С. 30–31.
Maslov A.D. A New Wave of Mass Reproduction of the Bark Beetle in Spruce Forests of Eastern Europe. Lesnoye khozyaystvo, 2003, no. 1, pp. 30–31.
Маслов А.Д. Влияние температуры и влажности на стволовых вредителей леса// Пушкино: ВНИИ ЛМ, 2008. 26 с.
Maslov A.D. Influence of Temperature and Humidity on Forest Stem Pests. Pushkino,VNIILM Publ., 2008. 26 p.
Скугравы В. Вспышки массового размножения короеда-типографа в Европе во второй половине XX в. // Лесохоз. информ. 2004. № 2. С. 48–58.
Skugravy V. Outbreaks of Mass Reproduction of the Bark Beetle in Europe in the second half of the XX century. Lesnoye khozyaystvo, 2004, no. 2, pp. 48–58.
Anderbrant O., Schlyter F. Causes and Effects of Individual Quality in Bark Beetles. Ecography, 1989, vol. 12, iss. 4, pp. 488–493. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.1989.tb00926.x
Aukema B.H., Dahlsten D.L., Raffa K.F. Exploiting Behavioral Disparities among Predators and Prey to Selectively Remove Pests: Maximizing the Ratio of Bark Beetles to Predators Removed during Semiochemically Based Trap-out. Environmental Entomology, 2000, vol. 29, iss. 3, pp. 651–660.
Byers J.A. Effects of Attraction Radius and Flight Paths on Catch of Scolytid Beetles Dispersing Outward through Rings of Pheromone Traps. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1999, vol. 25, iss. 5, pp. 985–1005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020869422943
Byers J.A. Wind-Aided Dispersal of Simulated Bark Beetles Flying through Forests. Ecological Modelling, 2000, vol. 125, iss. 2-3, pp. 231–243. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(99)00187-8
Byers J.A. Chemical Ecology of Bark Beetles in a Complex Olfactory Landscape. Bark and Wood Boring Insects in Living Trees in Europe, a Synthesis. Ed. by F. Lieutier, K.R. Day, A. Battisti, J.-C. Grégoire, H.F. Evans. Dordrecht, Springer, 2004, pp. 89–134. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2241-8_8
Cochard H., Hölttä T., Herbette S., Delzon S., Mencuccini M. New Insights into the Mechanisms of Water-Stress-Induced Cavitation in Conifers. Plant Physiology, 2009, vol. 151, iss. 2, pp. 949–954. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.109.138305
Coops N.C., Waring R.H., Wulder M.A., White J.C. Prediction and Assessment of Bark Beetle-Induced Mortality of Lodgepole Pine Using Estimates of Stand Vigor Derived from Remotely Sensed Data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2009, vol. 113, iss. 5, pp. 1058–1066. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.01.013
Delplace D. Etude de méthodes de détection de foyers de scolytes (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) dans l’est de la France. Comparaison de techniques d’inventaires au sol, de surveillance aéroportée et de telédétection aérienne et satellitaire. Thèse. Belgique, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. 150 p.
Erbilgin N., Krokene P., Kvamme T., Christiansen E. A Host Monoterpene Influences Ips typographus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) Responses to Its Aggregation Pheromone. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 2007, vol. 9, iss. 2, pp. 135–140. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-9563.2007.00329.x
Erbilgin N., Powell J.S., Raffa K.F. Effect of Varying Monoterpene Concentrations on the Response of Ips pini (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to Its Aggregation Pheromone: Implications for Pest Management and Ecology of Bark Beetles. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 2003, vol. 5, iss. 4, pp. 269–274. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1461-9563.2003.00186.x
Faccoli M. Effect of Weather on Ips typographus ( Coleoptera Curculionidae) Phenology, Voltinism, and Associated Spruce Mortality in the Southeastern Alps. Environmental Entomology, 2009, vol. 38, iss. 2, pp. 307–316. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1603/022.038.0202
Faccoli M., Bernardinelli I. Breeding Performance of the Second Generation in Some Bivoltine Populations of Ips typographus ( Coleoptera Curculionidae) in the South- Eastern Alps. Journal of Pest Science, 2011, vol. 84, iss. 1, pp. 15–23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-010-0320-7
Fleischer P. Jr., Fleischer P., Ferenčík J., Hlaváč P., Kozánek M. Elevated Bark Temperature in Unremoved Stumps after Disturbances Facilitates Multi-Voltinism in Ips typographus Population in a Mountainous Forest. Lesnícky časopis Forestry Journal, 2016, vol. 62, pp. 15–22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/forj-2016-0002
Forsse E. Flight Propensity and Diapause Incidence in Five Populations of the Bark Beetle Ips typographus in Scandinavia. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 1991, vol. 61, iss. 1, pp. 53–57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1991.tb02395.x
Gaylord M.L., Hofstetter R.W., Kolb T.E., Wagner M.R. Limited Response of Ponderosa Pine Bole Defenses to Wounding and Fungi. Tree Physiology, 2011, vol. 31, iss. 4, pp. 428–437. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpr025
Havašová M., Bucha T., Ferenčík J., Jakuš R. Applicability of a Vegetation Indices-Based Method to Map Bark Beetle Outbreaks in the High Tatra Mountains. Annals of Forest Research, 2015, vol. 58, iss. 2, pp. 295–310. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2015.388
Jakuš R. Bark Beetle (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) Outbreak and System of IPM Measures in an Area Affected by Intensive Forest Decline Connected with Honey Fungus (Armillaria sp.). Anzeiger für Schädlingskunde, 2002, vol. 74, iss. 2, pp. 46–51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1493-0280.2001.01008.x
Jakuš R., Blaženec M. Influence of Proportion of (4S)-cis-verbenol in Pheromone Bait on Ips typographus ( Col., Scolytidae) Catch in Pheromone Trap Barrier and in Single Traps. Journal of Applied Entomology, 2003, vol. 126, iss. 6, pp. 306–311. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0418.2002.00659.x
Jakuš R., Grodzki W., Ježík M., Jachym M. Definition of Spatial Patterns of Bark Beetle Ips typographus (L.) Outbreak Spreading in Tatra Mountains (Central Europe), Using GIS. Proceedings: Ecology, Survey and Management of Forest Insects. Ed. by M.L. McManus, A.M. Liebhold. Delaware, USDA Forest Service, 2003, pp. 25–43.
Komonen A., Schroeder M.L., Weslien J. Ips typographus Population Development after a Severe Storm in a Nature Reserve in Southern Sweden. Journal of Applied Entomology, 2011, vol. 135, iss. 1-2, pp. 132–141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.2010.01520.x
Lieutier F. Mechanisms of Resistance in Conifers and Bark Beetle Attack Strategies. Mechanisms and Deployment of Resistance in Trees to Insects. Ed. by M.R. Wagner, K.M. Clancy, F. Lieutier, T.D. Paine. Dordrecht, Springer, 2002, pp. 31–77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47596-0_2
Matthews B., Netherer S., Katzensteiner K., Pennerstorfer J., Blackwell E., Henschke P., Hietz P., Rosner S., Jansson P.-E., Schume H., Schopf A. Transpiration Deficits Increase Host Susceptibility to Bark Beetle Attack: Experimental Observations and Practical Outcomes for Ips typographus Hazard Assessment. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2018, vol. 263, pp. 69–89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.08.004
Mezei P., Grodzki W., Blaženec M., Jakuš R. Factors Influencing the Wind- Bark Beetles’ Disturbance System in the Course of an Ips typographus Outbreak in the Tatra Mountains. Forest Ecology and Management, 2014, vol. 312, pp. 67–77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.10.020
Modlinger R., Novotný P. Quantification of Time Delay between Damages Caused by Windstorms and by Ips typographus. Lesnícky časopis Forestry Journal, 2015, vol. 61(4), pp. 221–231. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/forj-2015-0030
Nikolov C., Konôpka B., Kajba M., Galko J., Kunca A., Janský L. Post-Disaster Forest Management and Bark Beetle Outbreak in Tatra National Park, Slovakia. Mountain Research and Development, 2014, vol. 34(4), pp. 326–335. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-13-00017.1
Pape J. Umweltschonendes Abschopfen von Borkenka fern in der DDR. Allgemeine Forst Zeitschrift für Waldwirtschaft und Umweltvorsorge, 1990, vol. 46, pp. 324–361.
Raffa K.F. Terpenes Tell Different Tales at Different Scales: Glimpses into the Chemical Ecology of Conifer – Bark Beetle – Microbial Interactions. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2014, vol. 40, iss. 1, pp. 1–20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-013-0368-y
Raffa K.F., Andersson M.N., Schlyter F. Chapter One – Host Selection by Bark Beetles: Playing the Odds in a High-Stakes Game. Advances in Insect Physiology. Ed. by T. Claus, J.B. Gary. Academic Press, 2016, vol. 50, pp. 1–74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aiip.2016.02.001
Raffa K.F., Aukema B.H., Bentz B.J., Carroll A.L., Hicke J.A., Turner M.G., Romme W.H. Cross-Scale Drivers of Natural Disturbances Prone to Anthropogenic Amplification: The Dynamics of Bark Beetle Eruptions. BioScience, 2008, vol. 58, iss. 6, pp. 501–517. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1641/B580607
Regnander W.J. The Influence of Natural Enemies on Brood Production in Ips typographus ( Col.: Scolytidae) with Special Reference to Egg-Laying and Predation by Thanasimus formicarius (Col.: Cleridae). Entomophaga, 1992, vol. 37, pp. 333–342.
Schindler U., Durner W., von Unold G., Müller L. Evaporation Method for Measuring Unsaturated Hydraulic Properties of Soils: Extending the Measurement Range. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2010, vol. 74, iss. 4, pp. 1071–1083. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2008.0358
Schlyter F., Lundgren U. Distribution of a Bark Beetle and Its Predator within and outside Old Growth Forest Reserves: No Increase of Hazard Near Reserves. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 1993, vol. 8, iss. 1-4, pp. 246–256. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02827589309382774
Schopf R., Köhler U. Untersuchungen zur Populationsdynamik der Fichtenborkenkäfer im Nationalpark Bayerischer Wald. 25 Jahre auf dem Weg zum Naturwald. Neuschonau, Nationalpark Bayerischer Wald, 1999. pp. 88–111. Available at: https://www.nationalparkbayerischer-wald.bayern.de/ueber_uns/geschichte/doc/25_jahre_auf_dem_weg_zum_naturwald.pdf (accessed 14.01.20).
Schröter H. Ausbreitung des Borkenkäferbefalls in Bannwäldern Baden-Württembergs. Forstschutzprobleme in Nationalparken und Naturschutzgebieten. Ed. by A. Wulf, K.H. Berendes. Berlin, Mitteilungen aus der Biologischen Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, 1999, H. 362, pp. 63–79.
Schröter H., Becher T., Delb H., Gehrke A., Metzler B. Waldschutzsituation 2001/2002 in Baden-Württemberg. Allgemeine Forstzeitschrift für Waldwirtschaft und Umweltvorsorge, 2002, B. 57, S. 330–332.
Sopow S.L., Bader M.K.-F., Brockerhoff E.G. Bark Beetles Attacking Conifer Seedlings: Picking on the Weakest or Feasting upon the Fittest? Journal of Applied Ecology, 2015, vol. 52, iss. 1, pp. 220–227. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12368
Stadelmann G., Bugmann H., Wermelinger B., Meier F., Bigler C. A Predictive Framework to Assess Spatio-Temporal Variability of Infestations by the European Spruce Bark Beetle. Ecography, 2013, vol. 36, iss. 11, pp. 1208–1217. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2013.00177.x
Stenseth N.C., Kirkendall L.R. Population Dynamics of Bark Beetles, with Special Reference to Ips typographus: Introduction. Ecography, 1989, vol. 12, iss. 4, pp. 382-383. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.1989.tb00912.x
Sullivan B.T., Pettersson E.M., Seltmann K.C., Berisford C.W. Attraction of the Bark Beetle Parasitoid Roptrocerus xylophagorum ( Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to Host-Associated Olfactory Cues. Environmental Entomology, 2000, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 1136–1151.
Temperli C., Bugmann H., Elkin C. Cross-Scale Interactions among Bark Beetles, Climate Change, and Wind Disturbances: A Landscape Modeling Approach. Ecological Monographs, 2013, vol. 83, iss. 3, pp. 383–402. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1890/12-1503.1
Thom D., Seidl R. Natural Disturbance Impacts on Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity in Temperate and Boreal Forests. Biological Reviews, 2016, vol. 91, iss. 3, pp. 760–781. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12193
Wermelinger B. Development and Distribution of Predators and Parasitoids during Two Consecutive Years of an Ips typographus (Col., Scolytidae) Infestation. Journal of Applied Entomology, 2002, vol. 126, iss. 10, pp. 521–527. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0418.2002.00707.x
Wermelinger B. Ecology and Management of the Spruce Bark Beetle Ips typographus – a Review of Recent Research. Forest Ecology and Management, 2004, vol. 202, iss. 1-3, pp. 67–82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.07.018
Wermelinger B., Seifert M. Temperature-Dependent Reproduction of the Spruce Bark Beetle Ips typographus, and Analysis of the Potential Population Growth. Ecological Entomology, 1999, vol. 24, iss. 1, pp. 103–110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2311.1999.00175.x
Weslien J. Interactions within and between Species at Different Densities of the Bark Beetle Ips typographus and Its Predator Thanasimus formicarius. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 1994, vol. 71, iss. 2, pp. 133–143. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1994. tb01779.x
Weslien J., Schroeder L.M. Population Levels of Bark Beetles and Associated Insects in Managed and Unmanaged Spruce Stands. Forest Ecology and Management, 1999, vol. 115, iss. 2-3, pp. 267–275. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00405-8
Wichmann L., Ravn H.P. The Spread of Ips typographus (L.) (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) Attacks Following Heavy Windthrow in Denmark, Analysed Using GIS. Forest Ecology and Management, 2001, vol. 148, iss. 1-3, pp. 31–39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00477-1
Zumr V. Dispersal of the Spruce Bark Beetle Ips typographus (L.) in Spruce Woods. Journal of Applied Entomology, 1992, vol. 114, iss. 1-5, pp. 348–322. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1992.tb01138.x
