Дистанционный мониторинг землепользования фрагментированных ландшафтов городских зеленых насаждений Центральной Танзании
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2026-1-9-29Ключевые слова:
образ жизни сообщества, изменения в лесах, ГИС, изменение в землепользовании, дистанционное зондирование, ТанзанияАннотация
Изучено влияние долгосрочных изменений землепользования и растительного покрова на городские экосистемы и образ жизни населения. Основное внимание уделяется быстрому расширению городов и воздействию этого процесса на устойчивое городское планирование. Исследование проводилось в районах Нконко и Сасило округа Маньони, Танзания, с 1993 по 2023 гг. Для анализа обезлесения, урбанизации и экосистемных услуг использовались методы дистанционного зондирования, ГИС-технологии, спутниковые снимки, партисипативные методы и проводились полевые исследования, детализирующие изменения землепользования и растительного покрова и их влияние на местную окружающую среду и население. Выявлено значительное расширение городов и увеличение лесного покрова, сопровождающееся сокращением сельскохозяйственных земель, что указывает на сдвиг в сторону урбанизации. Площадь лесного покрова повысилась на 2,88 %, или на 246,82 км2, а городов – на 9 %, или 222,76 км2. Территория сельскохозяйственных угодий, напротив, уменьшилась на 17,17 %, или на 119,72 км2. Эти изменения свидетельствуют о трансформации моделей землепользования, переходе от традиционного сельского хозяйства к городскому развитию и лесовосстановлению. При этом рельеф региона и динамика землепользования становятся другими. Показано, что урбанизация и фрагментация земель в округе Маньони нарушили экосистему и социально-экономическую структуру сообщества. Подчеркивается необходимость последовательного городского планирования и устойчивого управления земельными ресурсами. Особое внимание уделено методам, базирующимся на использовании материалов дистанционного зондирования и ГИС-технологий при разработке стратегий природопользования.
Благодарности: Авторы выражают благодарность Китайской национальной программе ключевых исследований и разработок за финансирование данного исследования по гранту № 2022YFF1300503-06.
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