Development of the Vegetation Lower Layer under the Tropical Forest Canopy in Vietnam
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2019-6-39Keywords:
post-agrogenic lands, lands of former settlements, natural reforestation, vegetation lower layers, undergrowth, shrub layer, live ground coverAbstract
The article presents the study results of natural regeneration of tree species on post-agrogenic lands and lands of former settlements in Vietnam. The experiment was carried out on the lands of the Cuc Phuong National Park, previously affected by management impact. Two experimental sites were selected: lands of former settlements and post-agrogenic lands. Methods developed by the Vietnamese scientists, as well as by the staff of the Forestry Department of the Saint-Petersburg State Forest Technical University have been used when laying out study plots, carrying out research, and processing the results. The studies have revealed that the undergrowth composition on the lands of former settlements is relatively complex. The number of species presented in the undergrowth composition ranges from 2 to 9. These species are pioneers at the initial stage of woody vegetation recovery on the lands of former settlements and they are of great environmental importance, though have a short life cycle. Species having a long life cycle are also found in the undergrowth. They are usually light-demanding, fast-growing and competitive with the other species for nutrients and light. In adulthood, they are presented in the stand composition. The presence of these
species increases the tree species diversity and broadly improves the stability of plantation. The undergrowth composition on the post-agrogenic lands is relatively simple. The number of species presented in it varies from 2 to 4, which is twice lower, than on the former settlements lands. These plants have a short life cycle, little economic value and low ability to compete for light and nutrients. Species that have a long life cycle are absent on the post-agrogenic lands. Viable and high undergrowth of seed origin prevails both on the lands of former settlements and on post-agrogenic lands. At both sites, the species diversity of the live ground cover
and shrub layer is small and pretty much the same. The live ground cover is represented by herbs and sub-shrubs, and the shrub layer – by shrubs. These are light-demanding and fastgrowing species. The average projective coverage of live ground cover and shrub layer in both sites exceeds 85 %, which complicates the development of woody species undergrowth. In general, undergrowth, live ground cover, and shrub layer on the lands of former settlements are more diverse in terms of species composition and structure, than on the post-agrogenic lands. However, the density of the undergrowth in both areas is insufficient for the formation
of further highly productive tropical phytocenosis. In this regard, it is necessary to carry out assistance measures for the subsequent successful reforestation on both types of lands.
For citation: Beliaeva N.V., Nguyen Thi Thu Huong, Danilov D.A., Gryazkin A.V. Development of the Vegetation Lower Layer under the Tropical Forest Canopy in Vietnam. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2019, no. 6, pp. 39–51. DOI: 10.17238/issn0536-1036.2019.6.39
Downloads
References
Баур Г.Н. Экологические основы тропического лесопользования: пер. с англ. на вьетнам. Выонг Тан Нхи. Ханой: Науч.-техн. изд-во, 1976. 560 c. [Baur G.N. Ecological Basics of Tropical Forest Use. Hanoi, Scientific and Technical Publishing House, 1976. 560 p.].
Беляева Н.В. Закономерности изменения структуры и состояния молодого поколения ели в условиях интенсивного хозяйственного воздействия: дис. … д-ра c.-х. наук. СПб.: СПбГЛТУ, 2013. 353 c. [Beliaeva N.V. Regularities of Structural and State Variation of the Spruce Young Growth under Intensive Utility Impact: Dr. Agric. Sci. Diss. Saint Petersburg, SPbGLTU, 2013. 353 p.].
Беляева Н.В., Грязькин А.В. Трансформация структуры молодого поколения ели после проведения несплошных рубок // Лесн. журн. 2012. № 6. С. 44–51. (Изв. высш. учеб. заведений) [Belyaeva N.V., Gryazkin A.V. Transformation of the Spruce Young Growth Structure Subsequent to Selective and Gradual Cutting. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Forestry Journal], 2012, no. 6, pp. 44–51]. URL: http://lesnoizhurnal.ru/upload/iblock/e87/%D0%9B%D0%A56.pdf
Ву Динь Хуе. Стандарт оценки природы // Лесохозяйств. журн. 1969. С. 28–30. [Vu Din Hue. Standard of Nature Assessment. Lesokhozyaystvennyy zhurnal, 1969, pp. 28–30].
Ву Динь Хуе. Обзор ситуации естественного возобновления в северных лесах Вьетнама: науч. докл. Ханой, 1975. [Vu Din Hue. Overview of the Situation of Natural Forestation in the Northern Forests of Vietnam: A Scientific Report. Hanoi, 1975].
Грязькин А.В., Беляева Н.В. Структура фенологических форм молодого поколения ели в условиях Ленинградской области // Лесн. журн. 2013. № 2. С. 84–92. (Изв. высш. учеб. заведений). [Gryazkin A.V., Belyaeva N.V. The Structure of Phenological Forms of the Young Generation Spruce in the Leningrad Region. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Forestry Journal], 2013, no. 2, pp. 84–92]. URL: http://lesnoizhurnal.ru/upload/iblock/083/lh9.pdf
Дао Конг Хань. Исследование структурных особенностей вечнозеленого широколиственного леса в районе Хыонг Шон провинции Хатинь и предложения технических лесоводческих мероприятий для лесоэксплуатации и ухода за лесом: дис. ... канд. лесоводств. наук. Вьетнам. науч. лесохозяйств. акад., 1996. 144 с. [Dao Kong Han. Study of the Structural Features of the Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forest in the Area of Huong Chon, Hà Tĩnh Province and Proposed Technical Silvicultural Measures for Forest Management and Care: Cand. Agric. Sci. Diss. Vietnamese Scientific Forestry Academy, 1996. 144 p.].
Донг Шу Хьен. Создание таблицы объема и видового числа для лесов во Вьетнаме. Ханой: С.-х. изд-во, 1974. 95 с. [Dong Shu Hien. Creating a Table of Volume and a Form Factor of Forests in Vietnam. Hanoi, Agricultural Publishing House, 1974. 95 p.].
Катинот Р. Лесоводство в густом лесу Африки: пер. с англ. на вьетнам. / Выонг Тан Нхи. Ханой: Науч.-лесотехн. акад., 1965. 285 c. [Katinot R. Silviculture in the Dense Forest of Africa. Hanoi, Scientific and Forestry Academy, 1965. 285 p.].
Нгуен Зюи Чуен. Изучение закона распределения естественного восстановления лиственного вечнозеленого смешанного леса в Кюи Чау, Нге Ан: результаты научно-технических исследований с 1991 по 1995 г. Ханой: С.-х. изд-во, 1996. С. 53–56. [Nguyen Zui Chuen. Study of the Distribution Law of the Natural Regeneration of Deciduous Evergreen Mixed Forest in Cui Chau, Nge An: Results of Scientific and Technical Research from 1991 to 1995. Hanoi, Agricultural Publishing House, 1996, pp. 53–56].
Одум Ю. Основы экологии. М.: Мир, 1975. 740 с. [Odum Yu. Fundamentals of Ecology. Moscow, Mir Publ., 1975. 740 p.].
Фам Нгок Тхыонг. Некоторые особенности естественного возобновления древесной растительности после сменной культивации в Бак Кан // Журн. сельского хозяйства и развития сельских районов. 2003. С. 98–104. [Fam Ngok Thyong. Some Features of the Natural Reforestation of Woody Vegetation after Shifting Cultivation in Bac Kan. Zurnal sel’skogo khozyaystva i razvitiya sel’skikh rayonov, 2003, pp. 98–104].
Хоанг Ким Нгу, Фунг Нгок Лан. Лесная экология. Ханой: С.-х. изд-во, 2005. 387 с. [Hoang Kim Ngu, Fung Ngok Lan. Forest Ecology. Hanoi, Agricultural Publishing House, 2005. 387 p.].
Чан Нгу Фыонг. Предварительные исследования леса в северном Вьетнаме. Ханой: Науч. техн. изд-во, 1970. 257 с. [Jan Ngu Phuong. Preliminary Study of Forest in Northern Vietnam. Hanoi, Scientific and Technical Publishing House, 1970. 257 p.].
Ahlbäck A.J. On Forestry in Vietnam, the New Reforestation Strategy and UN Assistance. The Commonwealth Forestry Review, 1995, vol. 74, no. 3, pp. 224–229.
De Koninck R. Deforestation in Viet Nam. Ottawa, ON, International Development Research Centre, 1999. 101 p.
Foody G.M., Curran P.J. Estimation of Tropical Forest Extent and Regenerative Stage Using Remotely Sensed Data. Journal of Biogeography, 1994, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 223–244.
Fox J.E.D. Constraints on the Natural Regeneration of Tropical Moist Forest. Forest Ecology and Management, 1976, vol. 1, pp. 37–65. DOI: 10.1016/0378-1127(76)90006-2
Gomiero T., Pettenella D., Trieu G.P., Paoletti M.G. Vietnamese Uplands: Environmental and Socio-Economic Perspective of Forest Land Allocation and Deforestation Process. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2000, vol. 2, iss. 2, pp. 119–142. DOI: 10.1023/A:1011443731674
Guevara S., Meave J., Moreno-Casasola P., Laborde J. Floristic Composition and Structure of Vegetation under Isolated Trees in Neotropical Pastures. Journal of Vegetation Science, 1992, vol. 3, iss. 5, pp. 655–664. DOI: 10.2307/3235833
Heinimann А., Messerli P., Schmidt-Vogt D., Wiesmann U. The Dynamics of Secondary Forest Landscapes in the Lower Mekong Basin. Mountain Research and Development, 2007, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 232–241. DOI: 10.1659/mrd.0875
Morrison E., Dubois O. Sustainable Livelihoods in Upland Vietnam: Land Allocation and Beyond. Forestry and Use Series 14. London, International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), 1998. 64 p.
Mutuo P.K., Cadisch G., Albrecht A., Palm C.A., Verchot L. Potential of Agroforestry for Carbon Sequestration and Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Soils in the Tropics. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2005, vol. 71, iss. 1, pp. 43–54. DOI: 10.1007/s10705-004-5285-6
Tachibana T., Nguyen T.M., Otsuka K. Agricultural Intensification versus Extensification: A Case Study of Deforestation in the Northern-Hill Region of Vietnam. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2001, vol. 41, iss. 1, pp. 44–69. DOI: 10.1006/jeem.1998.1131
Van Vliet N., Mertz O., Heinimann A., Langanke T., Pascual U., Schmook B., Adams C., Schmidt-Vogt D., Messerli P., Leisz S., Castella J.-C., Jørgensen L., Birch-Thomsen T., Hett C., Bech-Bruun T., Ickowitz A., Vu K.C., Yasuyuki K., Fox J., Padoch C., Dressler W., Zieglerr A.D. Trends, Drivers and Impacts of Changes in Swidden Cultivation in Tropical Forest-Agriculture Frontiers: A Global Assessment. Global Environmental Change, 2012, vol. 22, iss. 2, pp. 418–429. DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.10.009
Zolkos S.G., Goetz S.J., Dubayah R. A Meta-Analysis of Terrestrial Aboveground Biomass Estimation Using Lidar Remote Sensing. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2013, vol. 128, pp. 289–298. DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2012.10.017
