Windfalls in the Forests of the Southwestern Sakhalin under the Influence of Cyclones
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2026-1-90-102Keywords:
windfall, extratropical cyclones, satellite images, geoinformation analysis, forest lands, standAbstract
Tropical cyclones operating in the western Pacific Ocean in the summer and autumn periodically go far north, transforming into extratropical ones. In 2014–2015, significant areas of forests were disrupted during the passage of cyclones in the southwestern part of Sakhalin. The aim of the research has been to investigate the scale and nature of damage in forest stands subjected to catastrophic windfalls during the passage of extratropical cyclones over the southwestern regions of Sakhalin Island. Forest damage assessment has been carried out using both ground-based and remote sensing methods. In the sample plots established in various types of forest, the trees have been tallied, the necessary forest inventory characteristics have been established, and then the stocks of the remaining stand and its dead part have been determined. Forest stands have been divided into 3 categories according to the degree of damage caused by windfalls: complete loss of a stand or with a large (above 60 %), average (30–60 %) or insignificant (less than 30 %) proportion of dead trees from their original volumes. The available images from the Sentinel-2 spacecraft, obtained from 2016 to 2017, have been used for the spatial analysis of windfall glades. Satellite images of the study area in a combination of channels 11-8-4 have been classified “with training”. The training sample has included a set of pixels representing the image of reference sites where field geobotanical and forest inventory studies have been performed. As a result of image interpretation, it has been revealed that the total area of windfalls in the Kholmsky and Nevelsky Districts of the southwestern part of Sakhalin Island has amounted to 22,735 ha. For the study area, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) has been calculated and its values have been analyzed to isolate areas with varying degrees of damage. At the same time, it has been established that in the southwestern part of Sakhalin, completely or largely dead forest stands occupy 19.85 % of the area, moderately damaged – 41.86 %, and slightly damaged stands account for 38.29 %.
Downloads
References
Агеенко А.С., Васильев Н.Г., Глоба-Михайленко Д.А., Холявко В.С. Древесная флора Дальнего Востока. М.: Лесн. пром-сть, 1982. 224 с. Ageenko A.S., Vasil’ev N.G., Globa-Mikhajlenko D.A., Kholyavko V.S. Arboreal Flora of the Far East. Moscow, Lesnaya promyshlennost’ Publ., 1982. 224 p. (In Russ.).
Братков В.В., Воробьев В.А., Мелкий В.А., Верхотуров А.А. Картографирование динамики растительных сообществ северной части бореальных лесов острова Сахалин на основе данных дистанционного зондирования Земли // Мониторинг. Наука и технологии. 2020. No 3 (45). С. 6–13. Bratkov V.V., Vorob’ev V.A., Melkiy V.A., Verkhoturov A.A. Mapping of Dynamics of Plant Communities of the Northern Part of the Boreal Forests of Sakhalin Island by Remote Sensing Data. Monitoring. Nauka i tekhnologii = Monitoring. Science and Technologies, 2020, no. 3 (45), pp. 6–13. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.25714/MNT.2020.45.001
Бучнев А.А., Пяткин В.П. Классификация гиперспектральных данных дистанционного зондирования земли // Журн. Сиб. федер. ун-та. Сер.: Техника и технологии. 2019. Т. 12, No 5. С. 536–541. Buchnev A.A., Pyatkin V.P. Classification of the Hyperspectral Data of the Earth Remote Sensing. Zhurnal Sibirskogo federal’nogo universiteta. Seriya: Tekhnika i tekhnologii = Journal of Siberian Federal University. Series: Engineering & Technologies, 2019, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 536–541. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17516/1999-494X-0109
Восточноевропейские леса: история в голоцене и современность: в 2 кн. / ЦЭПЛ РАН. Кн. 1 / отв. ред. О.В. Смирнова. М.: Наука, 2004. 479 с. Eastern European Forests: History in the Holocene and the Present Day: in 2 books. Centre for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Book 1. Ed.in-chief O. V. Smirnova. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 2004. 479 p. (In Russ.).
Георгиевский А.Б. Фаза окон в коренных еловых лесах южной тайги // Ботан. журн. 1992. Т. 77, No 6. С. 52–62. Georgievskij A.B. Window Phase in the Indigenous Spruce Forests of the Southern Taiga. Botanicheskij zhurnal = Botanical Journal, 1992, vol. 77, no. 6, pp. 52–62. (In Russ.).
Громыко М.Н. Первые результаты изучения катастрофического влияния тайфуна Лайонрок на лесные экосистемы Сихотэ-Алинского заповедника // Тез. докл. XII дальневосточ. конф. по заповедному делу. Биробиджан: ИКАРП ДВО РАН, 2017. С. 35–37. Gromyko M.N. The First Results of the Study of the Catastrophic Impact of Typhoon Lionrock on the Forest Ecosystems of the Sikhote-Alin Nature Reserve. Abstracts of the XII Far Eastern Conference on Nature Reserves. Birobidzhan, Institute for Complex Analysis of Regional Problems Far Eastern Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, 2017, pp. 35–37. (In Russ.).
Иванов А.В., Сало М.А., Бондарчук С.Н., Замолодчиков Д.Г., Могилев А.В., Кочкарина Н.А. Воздействие ветровалов на структуру и фитомассу древостоев кедровников и березняков Центрального Сихотэ-Алиня // Лесоведение. 2022. No 2. С. 132–143. Ivanov A.V., Salo M.A., Bondarchuk S.N., Zamolodchikov D.G., Mogileva A.V., Kochkarina N.A. Windfall’s Impact on Structure and Phytomass of the Siberian Pine and Birch Forests of the Central Sikhote-Alin. Lesovedenie = Russian Journal of Forest Science, 2022, no. 2, pp. 132–143. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31857/S0024114822020061
Карпов А.А. Сокращение площади малонарушенных лесных территорий на примере Двинско-Пинежского междуречья // Изв. вузов. Лесн. журн. 2019. No 3. С. 152–158. Karpov A.A. Area Reduction of Intact Forest Landscapes on the Example of the Dvina-Pinega Interfluve. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2019, no. 3, pp. 152–158. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17238/issn0536-1036.2019.3.152
Леса Дальнего Востока. М.: Лесн. пром-сть, 1969. 392 с. Forests of the Far East. Moscow, Lesnaya promyshlennost’ Publ., 1969. 392 p. (In Russ.).
Мамедов Э.С., Павлов Н.И. Тайфуны. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1974. 140 с. Mamedov E.S., Pavlov N.I. Typhoons. Leningrad, Gidrometeoizdat Publ., 1974. 140 p. (In Russ.).
Методы изучения лесных сообществ. СПб.: НИИХ СПбГУ, 2002. 240 с. Methods of Studying Forest Communities. St. Petersburg, Institute of Chemistry of the St. Petersburg State University, 2002. 240 p. (In Russ.).
Нормативные материалы для таксации лесов Сахалина и Камчатки. Южно-Сахалинск: СахЛОС ДальНИИЛХ, 1986. 814 с. Regulatory Materials for the Forest Inventory in Sakhalin and Kamchatka. Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Sakhalin Forest Experimental Station of the Far Eastern Research Institute of Forestry, 1986. 814 p. (In Russ.).
Последствия катастрофического ветровала для лесных экосистем. Екатеринбург: УрО РАН, 2000. 127 с. The Consequences of a Catastrophic Windfall for Forest Ecosystems. Yekaterinburg, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2000. 127 p. (In Russ.).
Прох Л.З. Словарь ветров. Л: Гидрометеоиздат. 1983. 311 с. Prokh L.Z. Dictionary of Winds. Leningrad, Gidrometeoizdat Publ., 1983. 311 p. (In Russ.).
Сабиров Р.Н., Мелкий В.А., Верхотуров А.А. Оценка влияния ветровалов на лесной покров юго-западной части Сахалина с использованием наземных и дистанционных методов // Цифровые технологии в лесном секторе: материалы III Всерос. науч.-техн. конф.-вебинара. СПб.: С.-Петерб. гос. лесотехн. ун-т им. С.М. Кирова, 2022. С. 83–86. Sabirov R.N., Melkiy V.A., Verkhoturov A.A. Assessing the Impact of Windfalls on Forest Cover in the Southwestern Part of Sakhalin Using Ground-Based and Remote Sensing Methods. Digital Technologies in the Forestry Sector: Proceedings of the III All-Russian Scientific and Technical Conference-Webinar. St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg State Forest Technical University named after S.M. Kirov, 2022, pp. 83–86. (In Russ.).
Справочник для учета лесных ресурсов Дальнего Востока. Хабаровск: ДальНИИЛХ, 2010. 527 с. Handbook for Accounting of Forest Resources of the Far East. Khabarovsk, Far Eastern Research Institute of Forestry Publ., 2010. 527 p. (In Russ.).
Сукачев В.Н., Зонн С.В. Методические указания к изучению типов леса. М.: АН СССР, 1961. 144 с. Sukachev V.N., Sonn S.V. Methodological Guidelines for the Study of Forest Types. Moscow, USSR Academy of Sciences Publ., 1961. 144 p. (In Russ.).
Толмачев А.И. Геоботаническое районирование острова Сахалина. М.; Л.: АН СССР, 1955. 80 с. Tolmachev A.I. Geobotanical Zoning of Sakhalin Island. Moscow, Leningrad, USSR Academy of Sciences Publ., 1955. 80 p. (In Russ.).
Черепанов А.С. Вегетационные индексы // Геоматика. 2011. No 2. С. 98–102. Cherepanov A.S. Vegetation Indices. Geomatika = Geomatics, 2011, no. 2, pp. 98– 102. (In Russ.).
Черепанов А.С., Дружинина Е.Г. Спектральные свойства растительности и вегетационные индексы // Геоматика. 2009. No 3. С. 28–32. Сherepanov A.S., Druzhinina E.G. Spectral Properties of Vegetation and Vegetation Indices. Geomatika = Geomatics, 2009, no. 3, pp. 28–32. (In Russ.).
Digital Typhoon: Typhoon Images and Information. Available at: https://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/digital-typhoon/index.html.en (accessed 27.06.24).
Eriksson M., Pouttu A., Roininen H. The Influence of Windthrow Area and Timber Characteristics on Colonization of Wind-Felled Spruces by Ips typographus (L.). Forest Ecology and Management, 2005, vol. 216, pp. 105–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.05.044
Karpov A.А. Method for Transferring Non-Forest Cover to Forest Cover Land Using Landsat Imageries. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2020, no. 3, pp. 83–92. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2020-3-83-92
Korznikov K.A., Kislov D.E., Belyaeva N.G. The First Record of Catastrophic Windthrow in Boreal Forests of South Sakhalin and the South Kurils (Russia) during October 2015 Tropical Cyclones. Botanica Pacifica, 2019, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 31–38. https://doi.org/10.17581/bp.2019.08115
Martin T.J., Ogden J. Wind Damage and Response in New Zealand Forests: A Review. New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 2006, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 295–310.
Mitchell S.J. Wind as a Natural Disturbance Agent in Forests: A Synthesis. Forestry, 2013, vol. 86, iss. 2, pp. 147–157. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cps058
Sabirov R.N., Melkiy V.А., Verkhoturov А.А. Analysis Transformation of Forests of the Southern Sakhalin by Remote Sensing Data Using Geoinformation Technologies. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021, vol. 806, art. no. 012027. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/806/1/012027
Sentinel Missions. The European Space Agency. Available at: https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/The_Sentinel_missions (accessed 12.08.24).
Ulanova N.G. The Effects of Windthrow on Forests at Different Spatial Scales: A Review. Forest Ecology and Management, 2000, vol. 135, iss. 1–3, pp. 155–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127 (00)00307-8
Vodde F., Jõgiste K., Kubota Y., Kuuluvainen T., Köster K., Lukjanova A., Metslaid M., Yoshida T. The Influence of Storm-Induced Microsites to Tree Regeneration Patterns in Boreal and Hemiboreal Forest. Journal of Forest Research, 2011, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 155–167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10310-011-0273-6
Vozmishcheva A.S., Bondarchuk S.N., Gromyko M.N., Kislov D.E., Pimenova E.A., Salo M.A., Korznikov K.A. Strong Disturbance Impact of Tropical Cyclone Lionrock (2016) on Korean Pine-Broadleaved Forest in the Middle Sikhote-Alin Mountain Range, Russian Far East. Forests, 2019, vol. 10, no. 11. art. no. 1017. https://doi.org/10.3390/f10111017
Worldwide Tropical Cyclone Centers. National Hurricane Center and Central Pacific Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Available at: https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutrsmc.shtml (accessed 27.08.24).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Sabirov R.N., Melkiy V.А., Verkhoturov А.А.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
