The Algorithm of the Forest Formation Process in Spruce Forests, Taking into Account Forestry Measures
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2026-1-134-146Keywords:
species change, formation of indigenous dark coniferous forests, blueberry spruce forest, modeling of the forest formation process, thinnings, transformation fellingsAbstract
The study contributes to solving the problem of an uncontrolled increase in the area of derivative deciduous stands in place of indigenous coniferous forests. The aim has been to develop a method for creating an algorithm for the forest formation process, including a system of measures and allowing for a significant reduction in the likelihood of replacing indigenous dark coniferous forests with derivative deciduous stands. Based on our own scientific research and generalization of the experience of other forest scientists, a functional model of the forest formation process in dark coniferous forests has been proposed. It is presented in the form of a graphical matrix structural block diagram, based on the principles set out in the works by B.A. Ivashkevich, developed by B.P. Kolesnikov and their followers, and considers the renewal of indigenous (conditionally indigenous) forests through restoration-age shifts. The model provides 2 objective and most promising directions for the formation of dark coniferous stands: without changing coniferous species to deciduous ones and through the change of 1 generation of deciduous species. This is a matrix in whose cells the inventory characteristics of the forest stand are placed. If the actual characteristics of the inventory area coincide with those recorded in the matrix, the current state of the stand and options for the future development of the forest area are revealed. The direction of forest formation towards the formation of dark coniferous stands is achieved through thinnings and transformation fellings. The latter are a set of measures for the targeted care of young generations of coniferous species, which are carried out up to the age of felling mature birch and aspen forests. As a result, the likelihood of repopulation of areas with soft-wooded broad-leaved species and the formation of derivative soft-wooded broad-leaved stands is significantly reduced. Modern information technologies make it possible to create a digital product based on a functional model in the form of a simulation model of the forest formation process of dark coniferous stands. Its compatibility with existing forest inventory programs and practical application will allow for monitoring, forecasting, and directing forest formation processes towards the development of dark coniferous forests, effectively managing forestry production.
Downloads
References
Атрощенко О.А. Модели прогноза роста древостоев // Тр. БГТУ. 2013. No 1. С. 3–5. Atroshchenko O.A. Tree Growth Forecasting Models. Trudy BGTU = Proceedings of the Belarusian State Technological University, 2013, no. 1, pp. 3–5. (In Russ.).
Березовская Ф.С., Карев Г.П. Моделирование динамики древостоев // Сиб. лесн. журн. 2015. No 3. С. 7–19. Berezovskaya F.S., Karev G.P. Modeling of Forest Dynamics. Sibirskij lesnoj zhurnal = Siberian Journal of Forest Science, 2015, no. 3, pp. 7–19. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.15372/SJFS20150302
Грабарник П.Я., Чертов О.Г., Чумаченко С.И., Шанин В.Н., Ханина Л.Г., Бобровский М.В., Быховец С.С., Фролов П.В. Интеграция имитационных моделей для комплексной оценки экосистемных услуг лесов: методические подходы // Математическая биология и биоинформатика. 2019. Т. 14, No 2. С. 488–499. Grabarnik P.Ya., Chertov O.G., Chumachenko S.I., Shanin V.N., Khanina L.G., Bobrovskiy M.V., Bykhovets S.S., Frolov P.V. The Integration of Simulation Models for Complex Evaluation of Different Forest Ecosystem Services: Methodological Approaches. Matematicheskaya biologiya i bioinformatika = Mathematical Biology and Bioinformatics, 2019, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 488–499. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17537/2019.14.488
Дружинин Ф.Н. К вопросу о смене пород // Лесные ресурсы таежной зоны России: проблемы лесопользования и лесовосстановления: материалы Всерос. науч. конф. с междунар. участием. Петрозаводск, 2009. С. 57–60. Druzhinin F.N. On the Issue of Changing Species. Forest Resources of the Taiga Zone of Russia:Problems of Forest Management and Reforestation: Proceedings of the All-Russian Scientific Conference with International Participation. Petrozavodsk, 2009, рр. 57–60. (In Russ.).
Ильинцев А.С., Шамонтьев И.Г., Третьяков С.В. Современная динамика лесопользования в бореальных лесах России (на примере Архангельской области) // Лесотехн. журн. 2021. Т. 11, No 3 (43). С. 45–62. Ilintsev A.S., Shamontev I.G., Tretyakov S.V. Modern Dynamics of Forest Use in the Boreal Forests of Russia (for Example of the Arkhangelsk Region). Lesotekhnicheskij zhurnal = Forestry Engineering Journal, 2021, vol. 11, no. 3 (43), pp. 45–62. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2021.3/4
Исаев А.С., Суховольский В.Г., Хлебопрос Р.Г., Бузыкин А.И., Овчинникова Т.М. Моделирование лесообразовательного процесса: феноменологический подход // Лесоведение. 2005. No 1. С. 3–11. Isaev A.S., Suhovol’sky V.G., Khlebopros R.G., Buzykin A.I., Ovchinnikova T.M. Modeling of Forest-Forming Process: Phenomenological Approach. Lesovedenie = Russian Journal of Forest Science, 2005, no. 1, pp. 3–11. (In Russ.).
Исаева Р.П. Особенности формирования молодняков на сплошных концентрированных вырубках в темнохвойных лесах // Леса Урала и хозяйство в них. 1975. Вып. 8. С. 59–69. Isaeva R.P. Peculiarities of the Formation of Young Stands in Clear-Cut Concentrated Areas in Dark Coniferous Forests. Lesa Urala i khozyajstvo v nikh, 1975, iss. 8, pp. 59–69. (In Russ.).
Исаева Р.П. Рекомендации по ведению лесного хозяйства на зонально – типологической основе в лесах Свердловской области. М.: ВНИИЛМ, 1984. 56 с. Isaeva R.P. Recommendations for Forest Management on a Zonal-Typological Basis in the Forests of the Sverdlovsk Region. Moscow, All-Russian Research Institute for Silviculture and Mechanization of Forestry Publ., 1984. 56 p. (In Russ.).
Киселева В.В., Коротков С.А., Скородумов П.В. Тенденции смены породного состава в лесах Лосиного Острова // Лесн. вестн. / Forestry bulletin. 2016. Т. 20, No 5. С. 65–77. Kiseleva V.V., Korotkov S.A., Skorodumov P.V. Trends in Species Composition Changes in the Forests of Losinyi Ostrov. Lesnoy vestnik = Forestry bulletin, 2016, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 65–77. (In Russ.).
Колесников Б.П., Зубарева Р.С., Смолоногов Е.П. Лесорастительные условия и типы лесов Свердловской области. Свердловск: УНЦ АН СССР, 1973. 176 с. Kolesnikov B.P., Zubareva R.S., Smolonogov E.P. Forest Growth Conditions and Forest Types of the Sverdlovsk Region. Sverdlovsk, Ural Scientific Centre of the USSR Academy of Sciences Publ., 1973. 176 p. (In Russ.).
Кузнецова Н.Ф., Сауткина М.Ю. Состояние лесов и динамика их породного состава в Центральном федеральном округе // Лесохоз. информ. 2019. No 2. С. 25–45. Kuznetsova N.F., Sautkina M.Yu. Forest State and Dynamics of their Species Composition in the Central Federal District. Lesokhozyajstvennaya informatsiya = Forestry Information, 2019, no. 2, pp. 25–45. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.24419/LHI.2304-3083.2019.2.03
Малышев В.В., Мурзинов Ю.В. Моделирование динамики роста насаждений в процессе ухода за лесом // Лесотехн. журн. 2012. No 2. С. 60–65. Malyshev V.V., Murzinov Yu.V. Modeling the Dynamics of Plant Growth during Forest Management. Lesotekhnicheskij zhurnal = Forestry Engineering Journal, 2012, no. 2, pp. 60–65. (In Russ.).
Михайлов А.В., Шанин В.Н., Безрукова М.Г. Компонентный подход к построению моделей лесных экосистем // Лесоведение. 2010. No 2. С. 69–76. Mikhailov A.V., Shanin V.N., Bezrukova M.G. A Component Approach to Development of Forest Ecosystem Models. Lesovedenie = Russian Journal of Forest Science, 2010, no. 2, pp. 69–76. (In Russ.).
Синельщиков Р.Г. Развитие лесов, формирующихся на еловых вырубках Среднего Урала // Лесн. хоз-во. 1966. No 4. С. 24–27. Sinelshchikov R.G. Development of Forests Formed in Spruce Clearings of the Middle Urals. Lesnoe khozyajstvo, 1966, no. 4, pp. 24–27. (In Russ.).
Теринов Н.Н. Метод формирования темнохвойных лесов // Тр. С.-Петерб. науч.-исследоват. ин-та лесн. хоз-ва. 2013. No 1. С. 64–71. Terinov N.N. The Method of Formation of Dark-Coniferous Forest Stands. Trudy Sankt-Peterburgskogo nauchno-issledovatel’skogo institute lesnogo khozyajstva = Proceedings of the Saint Petersburg Forestry Research Institute, 2013, no. 1, pp. 64–71. (In Russ.).
Патент 2007414 РФ, МПК51 С2. Способ трансформации производных мягколиственных насаждений в темнохвойные: No 2012123574: заявл. 06.06. 2012: опубл. 10.07.2014 / Н.Н. Теринов. Terinov N.N. A Method for Transforming Derivative Soft-Leaved Forests into Dark Coniferous Ones. Patent RF, no. RU 2007414 C2, 2014. (In Russ.).
Теринов Н.Н. Концепция трансформации производных мягколиственных насаждений в темнохвойные с целью повышения продуктивности лесов Урала: дис. ... д-ра с.-х. наук. Уфа, 2015. 320 с. Terinov N.N. The Concept of Transforming Derivative Soft-Leaved Plantations into Dark-Coniferous Ones in Order to Increase the Productivity of Forests in the Urals: Doc. Agric Sci. Diss. Ufa, 2015. 320 p. (In Russ.).
Теринов Н.Н., Терехов Г.Г., Толкач О.В. Возраст деревьев нижнего яруса для формирования темнохвойных лесов после рубки // Изв. С.-Петерб. лесотехн. акад. 2024. Вып. 247. С. 173–187. Terinov N.N., Terekhov G.G., Tolkach O.V. The Age of the Lower Store Trees for the Formation of Dark Coniferous Forests after Cutting. Izvestia Sankt-Peterburgskoj Lesotehniceskoj Akademii, 2024, iss. 247, pp. 173–187. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21266/2079-4304.2024.247.173-187
Anderson-Teixeira K.J., Miller A.D., Mohan J.E., Hudiburg T.W., Duval B.D., DeLucia E.H. Altered Dynamics of Forest Recovery under a Changing Climate. Global Change Biology, 2013, vol. 19, iss. 7, pp. 2001–2021. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12194
McDowell N.G., Allen C.D., Anderson-Teixeira K., Aukema B.H., Bond-Lamberty B., Chini L., Clark J.S., Dietze M., Grossiord C., Hanbury-Brown A., Hurtt G.C., Jackson R.B., Johnson D.J., Kueppers L., Lichstein J.W., Ogle K., Poulter B., Pugh T.A.M., Seidl R., Turner M.G., Uriarte M., Walker A.P., Xu C. Pervasive Shifts in Forest Dynamics in a Changing World. Science, 2020, vol. 368, no. 6494, art. no. eaaz9463. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz9463
Pretzsch H., Forrester D.I., Rötzer T. Representation of Species Mixing in Forest Growth Models. A Review and Perspective. Ecological Modelling, 2015, vol. 313, pp. 276–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.06.044
Seidl R., Fernandes P.M., Fonseca T.F., Gillet F., Jönsson A.M., Merganicová K., Netherer S., Arpaci A., Bontemps J.-D., Bugmann H., González-Olabarria J.R., Lasch P., Meredieu C., Moreira F., Schelhaas M.-J., Mohren F. Modelling Natural Disturbances in Forest Ecosystems: a Review. Ecological Modelling, 2011, vol. 222, iss. 4, pp. 903–924. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.09.040
Shvidenko A., Shchepashchenko D.G., Nilsson S., Bouloui Y. System of Models of Growth and Dynamics of Productivity of Russian Forests (Yield Tables). Forest Management, 2003, no. 6, pp. 34–38.
Tonteri T., Salemaa M., Rautio P., Hallikainen V., Korpela L., Merilä P. Forest Management Regulates Temporal Change in the Cover of Boreal Plant Species. Forest Ecology and Management, 2016, vol. 381, pp. 115–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.09.015
Xu H., Li Y., Liu S., Zang R., He F., Spence J.R. Partial Recovery of a Tropical Rain Forest a Half-Century after Clear-Cut and Selective Logging. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2015, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 1044–1052. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12448
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Terinov N.N., Pobedinsky V.V., Gerts E.F., Mekhrentsev A.V., Urazova A.F., Efimov Yu.V.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
