Genetic certification of apple varieties (Malus domestica Borkh.) from the Krutovsky Botanical garden
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2026-2-101-112Keywords:
apple, variety, genetic polymorphism, microsatellites, genetic certification, Krutovsky Botanical gardenAbstract
The Krutovsky Botanical Garden unites unique collections of fruit crops. A special role among them is given to the collection of apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.), which includes 39 varieties of Russian and foreign breeding adapted to Siberian conditions. Eighteen apple varieties were selected for genetic certification. The DNA of all analyzed varieties was isolated from fresh leaves using the CTAB method. The varieties were differentiated using 11 nuclear microsatellite loci: CH01h01, CH01h10, CH04c07, Hi02c07, GD12, CH01f02, CH01f0b, CH02c09, CH02c11, CH02d08, CH04e05. In the course of the study, three multiplex panels have been selected. Each panel contained 3–4 loci in a single polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Fragment analysis allowed us to obtain a clear and reproducible result for each microsatellite locus, revealing a certain range of amplification products. Based on the results of the study, an analysis of indicators of genetic differentiation, identification of genotypes and assessment of the probability of their accidental coincidence were performed. All studied microsatellite loci showed a high level of polymorphism. The number of alleles per loci varied from seven (CH01h01, CH01h10, Hi02c07) to 13 (CH01f02, CH02c11). The average values of the genetic variability indicators were: number of alleles per locus – 9.727; number of effective alleles – 5.515; observed and expected heterozygosity 0.636 and 0.790, respectively. It was found that all selected samples have a different genotype. The low probability of accidental coincidence of unrelated genotypes confirmed the effectiveness of the selected set of microsatellite markers. Data on the polymorphism of microsatellite loci, genetic passports of the studied 18 apple varieties of the Krutovsky Botanical Garden were compiled. The DNA passport data can subsequently be used to confirm varietal authenticity. This research is the beginning of the creation of a molecular genetic database of Malus domestica Borkh. varieties from the collection of the Krutovsky Botanical Garden of the Reshetnev Siberian State University.
Acknowledgements: The study was carried out within the framework of the state assignment commissioned by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation by the staff of the "Breeding of Woody Plants" scientific laboratory on the topic "Breeding and Genetic Foundations for the Formation of Target Plantations and the Rational Use of Wood Resources in the Krasnoyarsk Territory (Yenisei Siberia)" (FEFE–2024–0013).
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