Phytomass of Tree Fractions According to the Rank Distribution Model
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2025-2-63-75Keywords:
forest plantations, assessment of the condition of forest plantations, phytomass, tree fractions, rank distributionAbstract
One of the most important indicators of the condition of a tree is its phytomass. Its direct measurements (with cutting, drying and weighing) are very labour-intensive and have varying degrees of reliability. The data on root phytomass are the least reliable (especially for older trees, where direct excavation of the root system requires considerable effort). This necessitates the development of models for calculating the phytomass of fractions based on fairly simple reliably measured inventory characteristics. The article suggests using a free competition model to describe the structure of a tree when distributing resources available to the tree during growth between its fractions (stem, roots, branches, leaves or needles). The model allows calculating the ratios between the phytomasses of fractions. Based on these calculations, a method for estimating root phytomass has been substantiated. The differences in the parameters of the models for the distribution of fractions by phytomass for different tree species and different growth zones have been analyzed. To verify the correctness of the proposed model, data from the database by V.A. Usol’tsev (2016) on the phytomass of tree fractions (6,617 records) in Eurasian forest plantations have been used. The calculated rank distributions for 95 % of trees of various species of different ages growing in different geographical conditions have a coefficient of determination greater than 0.96, therefore, this model is of a general nature and describes well the relationships between the phytomass fractions of trees. The proposed approach significantly simplifies field measurements, but requires a preliminary assessment of the parameters of the equation of age dynamics for a particular species in specific climatic zones. Calculations of the competition coefficient for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Siberia in the territories of the Tomsk and Novosibirsk Regions, the Altai and Krasnoyarsk Territories based on the data from the database by V.A. Usoltsev show the proximity of the model parameters for trees of the same species growing in different conditions. The use of the developed model makes it possible to estimate the tree phytomass (including root phytomass) using such easily measurable indicators as tree height and stem diameter. An approach has been proposed for determining the phytomass of roots, in which, instead of excavating them, data on the phytomasses of the above-ground fractions of the tree are used.
Downloads
References
Алексеев В.А., Бердси Р.А. Углерод в экосистемах лесов и болот России. Красноярск: ИЛиД, 1994. 224 с. Alekseev V.A., Birdsey R.A. Carbon Stock in Forest Ecosystems and Peatlands of Russia. Krasnoyarsk, Institute of Forest and Wood Publ., 1994. 224 p. (In Russ.).
Арутюнян С.Г., Уткин А.И. Вертикально-фракционное распределение фитомассы в лесах. М.: Наука, 1986. 264 с. Arutyunyan S.G., Utkin A.I. Vertical-Fractional Distribution of Phytomass in Forests. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1986. 264 p. (In Russ.).
Багинский В.Ф. Таксация леса. Гомель: ГГУ им Ф. Скорины, 2013. 416 c. Baginskij V.F. Forest Inventory. Gomel, Gomel State University named after F. Skorina Publ., 2013. 416 p. (In Russ.).
Бузыкин А.И., Пшеничникова Л.С., Суховольский В.Г. Густота и продуктивность древесных ценозов. Новосибирск: Наука, 2002. 152 с. Buzykin A.I., Pshenichnikova L.S., Soukhovolsky V.G. Density and Productivity of Tree Cenoses. Novosibirsk, Nauka Publ., 2002. 152 p. (In Russ.).
Данилин И.М., Цогт З. Морфометрические параметры и фитомасса деревьев лиственницы сибирской Larix sibirica Ledeb. в Восточном Хэнтэе (Северная Монголия) // Сиб. лесн. журн. 2015. No 5. С. 96–104. Danilin I.M., Tsogt Z. Morphometric Parameters and Phytomass of the Siberian Larch Larix sibirica Ledeb. Trees in the Eastern Khentey (Northern Mongolia). Sibirskij lesnoj zhurnal = Siberian Journal of Forest Science, 2015, no. 5, pp. 96–104. (In Russ.).
Замолодчиков Д.Г., Уткин А.И. Система конверсионных отношений для расчета чистой первичной продукции лесных экосистем по запасам насаждений // Лесоведение. 2000. No 6. С. 54–63. Zamolodchikov D.G., Utkin A.I. System of Conversion Ratios for Calculating Net Primary Production of Forest Ecosystems by Stand Stocks. Lesovedenie = Russian Journal of Forest Science, 2000, no. 6, pp. 54–63. (In Russ.).
Исаев А.С., Овчинникова Т.М., Суховольский В.Г. Распределение фитомассы деревьев и насаждений по фракциям: модель конкуренции. Проблемы экологического мониторинга и моделирования экосистем. СПб.: Гидрометеоиздат, 2007. Т. 21. С. 232–250. Isaev A.S., Ovchinnikova T.M., Soukhovolsky V.G. Distribution of Phytomass of Trees and Plantations by Fractions: a Competition Model. Problems of Environmental Monitoring and Ecosystem Modeling. St. Petersburg, Gidrometeoizdat Publ., 2007, vol. 21, pp. 232–250. (In Russ.).
Кобзарь А.И. Прикладная математическая статистика. М.: Физматлит, 2006. 816 с. Kobzar’ A.I. Applied Mathematical Statistics. Moscow, Fizmatlit Publ., 2006. 816 p. (In Russ.).
Комаров А.С., Гинжул Л.К., Шанин В.Н., Быковец С.С., Бобкова К.С., Кузнецов М.А., Манов А.В., Осипов А.Ф. Особенности распределения биомассы бореальных видов деревьев по фракциям // Изв. РАН. Сер.: Биологическая. 2017. No 6. С. 656–664. Komarov A.S., Ginzhul L.K., Shanin V.N., Bykhovets S.S., Bobkova K.S., Kuznetsov M.A., Manov A.V., Osipov A.F. Pattern of Biomass Partitioning into Fractions of Boreal Trees. Izvestiya RAN. Seriya: Biologicheskaya = Biology Bulletin, 2017, no. 6, pp. 626–633. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359017060061
Кофман Г.Б. Рост и форма деревьев. Новосибирск: Наука, 1986. 210 с. Kofman G.B. Tree Growth and Shape. Novosibirsk, Nauka Publ., 1986. 210 p. (In Russ.).
Молчанов А.А. Продуктивность органической массы в сосняках беломошниках // Продуктивность органической и биологической массы леса. М.: Наука, 1974. С. 24–42. Molchanov A.A. Productivity of Organic Matter in White Moss Pine Forests. Productivity of Organic and Biological Matter of Forests. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1974, pp. 24–42. (In Russ.).
Парето В. Компендиум по общей социологии. М.: ГУ ВШЭ, 2008. 511 с. Pareto V. Compendium of General Sociology. Moscow, State University Higher School of Economics Publ., 2008. 511 p. (In Russ.).
Поздеев Д.А., Петров А.А. Таксация леса. Ижевск: ИжГСХА, 2012. 164 с. Pozdeev D.A., Petrov A.A. Forest Inventory. Izhevsk, Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy, 2012. 164 p. (In Russ.).
Соколов В.А., Аткин А.С., Зиганшин Р.А. Структура и рост древостоев Сибири. Красноярск: РАН СО Ин-т леса им. В.Н. Сукачева, 1993. 176 c. Sokolov V.A., Atkin A.S., Ziganshin R.A. Structure and Growth of Forest Stands in Siberia. Krasnoyarsk, Sukachev Institute of Forest (Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences), 1993. 176 p. (In Russ.).
Суховольский В.Г. Распределение фитомассы деревьев по фракциям и оценка биопродуктивности деревьев и насаждений // Лесоведение. 1996. No 1. С. 30–40. Soukhovolsky V.G. Distribution of Tree Phytomass by Fractions and Assessment of Bioproductivity of Trees and Plantations. Lesovedenie = Russian Journal of Forest Science, 1996, no. 1, pp. 30–40. (In Russ.).
Суховольский В.Г. Экономика живого. Новосибирск: Наука, 2004. 140 с. Soukhovolsky V.G. Economy of the Living. Novosibirsk, Nauka Publ., 2004. 140 p. (In Russ.).
Суховольский В.Г., Иванова Ю.Д. Оценка чистой первичной продукции лесных насаждений с использованием модели распределения фитомассы по фракциям // Лесоведение. 2013. No 5. С. 20–28. Soukhovolsky V.G., Ivanova Yu.D. Estimation of Net Primary Production of Forest Stands Using a Model of Phytomass Distribution by Fractions. Lesovedenie = Russian Journal of Forest Science, 2013, no. 5, pp. 20–28. (In Russ.).
Тарасов С.И., Пристова Т.А., Бобкова Л.С. Динамика фитомассы древостоя лиственно-хвойного фитоценоза средней тайги // Сиб. лесн. журн. 2018. No 1. С. 50–58. Tarasov S.I., Pristova T.A., Bobkova L.S. Dynamics of Phytomass of a Tree Stand of the Deciduous-Coniferous Phytocenosis in Middle Taiga of Komi Republic. Sibirskij lesnoj zhurnal = Siberian Journal of Forest Science, 2018, no. 1, pp. 50–58. (In Russ.).
Усольцев В.А. Фитомасса лесов Северной Евразии: нормативы и элементы географии. Екатеринбург: УрО РАН, 2002. 762 с. Usol’tsev V.A. Forest Phytomass of Northern Eurasia: Standards and Geographic Elements. Yekaterinburg, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2002. 762 p. (In Russ.).
Усольцев В.А. Биологическая продуктивность лесов Северной Евразии: методы, база данных и ее приложения. Екатеринбург: УрО РАН, 2007. 636 с. Usol’tsev V.A. Biological Productivity of Forests in Northern Eurasia: Methods, Database and its Applications. Yekaterinburg, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2007. 636 p. (In Russ.).
Усольцев В.А. Фитомасса и первичная продукция лесов Евразии. Екатеринбург: УрО РАН, 2010. 573 с. Usol’tsev V.A. Forest Biomass and Primary Production Database for Eurasia. Yekaterinburg, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2010. 573 p. (In Russ.).
Усольцев В.А. Фитомасса модельных деревьев лесообразующих пород Евразии: база данных, климатически обусловленная география, таксационные нормативы. Екатеринбург: Урал. гос. лесотехн. ун-т, 2016. 338 с. Usol’tsev V.A. Single-Tree Biomass of Forest-Forming Species in Eurasia: Database, Climate-Related Geography, Mensuration Standards. Yekaterinburg, Ural. State Forest Engineering University Publ., 2016. 338 p. (In Russ.).
Уткин А.И., Замолодчиков Д.Г., Гульбе Т.А., Гульбе Я.И. Аллометрические уравнения для фитомассы по данным деревьев сосны, ели, березы и осины в европейской части России // Лесоведение. 1996. No 6. С. 36–46. Utkin A.I., Zamolodchikov D.G., Gul’be T.A., Gul’be Ya.I. Allometric Equations for Phytomass Based on Pine, Spruce, Birch and Aspen Trees in European Russia. Lesovedenie = Russian Journal of Forest Science, 1996, no. 6, pp. 36–46. (In Russ.).
Уткин А.И., Замолодчиков Д.Г., Коровин Г.Н., Нефедьев В.В., Гульбе Т.А., Гульбе Я.И., Гамбург С.П. Определение запасов углерода насаждений на пробных площадях: сравнение аллометрического и конверсионно-объемного методов // Лесоведение. 1997. No 5. С. 51–65. Utkin A.I., Zamolodchikov D.G., Korovin G.N., Nefed’ev V.V., Gul’be T.A., Gul’be Ya.I., Gamburg S.P. Determination of Carbon Stocks of Plantations in Sample Plots: Comparison of Allometric and Conversion-Volume Methods. Lesovedenie = Russian Journal of Forest Science, 1997, no. 5, pp. 51–65. (In Russ.).
Швиденко А.З., Щепащенко Д.Г., Нильсон С., Булуй Ю.И. Таблицы и модели хода роста и продуктивности насаждений основных лесообразующих пород Северной Евразии (нормативно-справочные материалы). М.: Московск. типогр., No 6. 2008. 887 с. Shvidenko A.Z., Shchepashchenko D.G., Nil’son S., Buluj Yu.I. Tables and Models of the Growth and Productivity of Plantations of the Main Forest-Forming Species of Northern Eurasia (Regulatory Reference Materials). Moscow, Moscow Print. House, 2008, no. 6. 887p. (In Russ.).
Baskerville G.L. Use of Logarithmic Regression in the Estimation of Plant Biomass. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 1972, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 49–53. https://doi.org/10.1139/x72-009
Chen W., Zhang Q., Cihlar J., Bauhus J., Price D.T. Estimating Fine-Root Biomass and Production of Boreal and Cool Temperate Forests Using Aboveground Measurements: A New Approach. Plant and Soil, 2004, vol. 265, pp. 31–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-8503-3
Clark D.A., Brown S., Kicklighter D.W., Chambers J.Q., Thomlinson J.R., Ni J. Measuring Net Primary Production in Forests: Concepts and Field Methods. Ecological Applications, 2001, vol. 11 (2), pp. 356–370.
Mandelbrot B. New Methods in Statistical Economics. The Journal of Political Economy, 1963, vol. LXXI, no. 5, pp. 421–440. https://doi.org/10.1086/258792
