OPERATING EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT OF MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT WHILE LOGGING IN FORESTS WITH RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2020-1-113-127Keywords:
radionuclides, contamination, longitudinal cutting, recycling, cutting area, set of machines, stem, sawn timberAbstract
Due to technogenic accidents at nuclear power plants, including the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, part of the forests of the Russian Federation was exposed to radioactive contamination. As a result, it established the conditions under which multipurpose use of forests and forest resources is impossible over the long run. These forests pose a serious environmental hazard due to the possibility of transfer of radioactive contamination to clean areas, because of the occurrence of antropogenic and natural fires. Logging and use of wood from such regions is an urgent issue, which provides environmental problem solving by reducing the possibility of recontamination with radionuclides of surroundings. One of the solutions within the given senario is our proposed technology for the integrated processing of wood contaminated with radionuclides based on internally powered mobile packages of machinery and equipment operating directly on the cutting area or self-propelled vehicles in order to produce clear timber. Herewith, the arisen need to minimize the operating time of machines and equipment is capable of being achieved through the coordinated functioning of cutting machines with mobile equipment in terms of the volume of processed wood at each stage. Coordination of the production volumes of machines and equipment is possible through the creation and maintenance (consumption, replenishment and production) at a specific level of day-on-hand stocks for particular conditions. The operating modes of a set of machines as a whole are determined taking into account previously developed models, providing for an increase in the number and/or shift of machines and equipment functioning in logging operations. This problem solving approach will allow: to ensure the volume of production of a set of machines and equipment equal to the production volume of the
leading equipment of the set; reduce the number of days required to harvest a given amount of wood; reduce the amount of pollutants (for example, carbon monoxide) that selfpropelled engines emit into the atmosphere.
For citation: Zaikin A.N., Toropov A.S., Merkelov B.M., Sivakov V.V. Operating Efficiency Improvement of Machinery and Equipment while Logging in Forests with Radioactive Contamination. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2020, no. 1, pp. 113–127. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2020-1-113-127
Downloads
References
Вместо бревен везут из леса доски // Лесн. газета. 1992. 15 окт. С. 2. [Instead of Logs, Boards are Brought from the Forest. Lesnaya gazeta, 1992, p. 2].
Гомонай М.В., Никишов В.Д. Передвижная система машин для комплексной переработки древесины // Вестн. МГУЛ–Лесн. вестн. 2006. № 6. С. 87–92. [Gomonay M.V., Nikishov V.D. The Mobile System of the Machines for Complex Conversion Wood. Lesnoy vestnik [Forestry Bulletin], 2006, no. 6, pp. 87–92].
Душа-Гудым С.И. Лесные пожары на загрязненных радионуклидами территориях // Охрана и защита леса, механизация, использование леса: обзор. информ. 1993. Т. 9. С. 1–50. [Dusha-Gudym S.I. Forest Fires on Radionuclide Contaminated Territories. Guarding and Protection of Forest, Mechanization, Using of Forest: Obzornaya informatsiya, 1993, vol. 9, pp. 1–50].
Заикин А.Н. Моделирование режимов работы лесосечных машин // Изв. вузов. Лесн. журн. 2009. № 1. С. 71–77. [Zaikin A.N. Simulation of Logging Machines Operation Modes. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2009, no. 1, pp. 71–77]. URL: http://lesnoizhurnal.ru/upload/iblock/27d/27d123e35cbb74f7f17b1974f6f195da.pdf
Заикин А.Н. Моделирование процессов лесозаготовок как основа снижения негативного воздействия лесосечных машин на лесные экосистемы // Изв. вузов. Лесн. журн. 2010. № 2. С. 72–77. [Zaikin A.N. Simulation of Logging Processes as Basis of Lowering Negative Impact of Forest Machines on Forest Ecosystems. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2009, no. 2, pp. 72–77]. URL: http://lesnoizhurnal.ru/upload/iblock/244/244de442e67d07dd7665ef8af5c5d311.pdf
Заикин А.Н., Меркелов В.М. Технология и оборудование заготовки и переработки древесины, загрязненной радионуклидами: моногр. Брянск: БГИТА, 2012. 266 с. [Zaikin A.N., Merkelov V.M. Technology and Equipment for Harvesting and Processing of Timber, Contaminated with Radionuclides. Bryansk, BGITA Publ., 2012. 266 p.].
Заикин А.Н., Меркелов В.М. Технология использования древесины с территорий, подвергшихся радиоактивному загрязнению // Проблемы рекультивации отходов быта, промышленного и сельскохозяйственного производства: сб. докл. IV Междунар. науч. экол. конф., Краснодар, 24–25 марта 2015 г. Краснодар: Кубан. госагроун-т, 2015. Ч. II. С. 573–575. [Zaikin A.N., Merkelov V.M. Technology Use Wood from the Territories Affected by Radioactive Contamination. Issues of Waste Reclamation of Household, Industrial and Agricultural Production: Collection of Reports of the 4th International Scientific Environmental Conference, Krasnodar, March 24–25, 2015. Krasnodar, KubSAU Publ., 2015, part 2, pp. 573–575].
Климов О.Г., Дороничева Е.Г. О концентрации в воздухе загрязняющих веществ, выбрасываемых лесопромышленной техникой // Лесн. хоз-во. 2003. № 4. С. 48. [Klimov O.G., Doronicheva E.G. On the Air Concentration of Pollutants Emitted Forestry Equipment. Lesnoye khozyaystvo, 2003, no. 4, p. 48].
Климушев Н.К. Автоматизация выбора систем машин для сортиментной заготовки древесины // Рациональное использование лесных ресурсов: материалы междунар. науч.-практ. конф., посвящ. 100-летию со дня рождения В.Е. Печенкина, 24–25 янв. 2001 г. / [Ю.А. Ширнин (отв. ред.)]. Йошкар Ола: МарГТУ, 2001. С. 54–55. [Klimushev N.K. Automation of Selection of Machine Systems for CTL Logging of Wood. Proceedings of International Scientific and Practical Conference Dedicated to the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of V.E. Pechenkin. Yoshkar-Ola, MarSTU Publ., 2001, pp. 54–55].
Климушев Н.К. Методы и модели управления запасами лесоматериалов: моногр. Ухта: Изд-во УГТУ, 2001. 76 с. [Klimushev N.K. Methods and Models of Timber Inventory Management: Monograph. Ukhta, USTU Publ., 2001. 76 p.].
Климушев Н.К. Методы расчета запасов лесоматериалов // Региональное использование лесных ресурсов: материалы междунар. науч.-практ. конф., посвящ. 100-летию со дня рождения В.Е. Печенкина, 24–25 янв. 2001 г. / [Ю.А. Ширнин (отв. ред.)]. Йошкар Ола: МарГТУ, 2001. С. 190–192. [Klimushev N.K. Computation Methods of Timber Stocks. Efficient Use of Forest Resources: Proceedings of International Scientific and Practical Conference Dedicated to the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of V.E. Pechenkin. Yoshkar-Ola, MarSTU Publ., 2001, pp. 190–192].
Климушев Н.К. Оптимизация систем машин для сортиментной заготовки в условиях Республики Коми // Сб. науч. тр. УГТУ. Вып. 5. Ухта, 2002. С. 85–88. [Klimushev N.K. Optimization of Machine Systems for Assortment Logging in the Komi Republic. Collection of Academic Papers of USTU. Ukhta, 2002, iss. 5, pp. 85–88].
Котов А.С. Радиационная ситуация в лесах Брянской области // Безопасность окружающей среды. 2008. № 2. С. 68–72. [Kotov A.S. Radiation Situation in the Forests of Bryansk Region. Bezopasnost’ okruzhayushchey sredy, 2008, no. 2, pp. 68–72].
Мащенко Т.В. Использование древесины в строительном комплексе в зависимости от условий произрастания на радиоактивно-загрязненных территориях. дис.... канд. с.-х. наук. Брянск, 1999. 159 с. [Mashchenko T.V. The Use of Wood in the Construction Sector Depending on the Conditions of Growth in Radioactive Contaminated Areas: Cand. Agric. Sci. Diss. Bryansk, 1999. 159 p.].
Меркелов В.М., Макеева А.А. Мобильные установки для переработки древесины, загрязненной радионуклидами // Актуальные проблемы и перспективы развития лесопромышленного комплекса: материалы II Междунар. науч.-техн. конф. Кострома: КГТУ, 2013. С. 132–134. [Merkelov V.M., Makeyeva A.A. Mobile Units for the
Wood Processing, Contaminated with Radionuclides. Current Issues and Prospects of the Timber Industry Development: Proceedings of the 2nd International Scientific and Engineering Conference. Kostroma, KGTU Publ., 2013, pp. 132–134].
Обоснование ресурсосберегающих технологий лесопромышленного комплекса, адаптированных к природным условиям Пермского края, с минимизацией затрат на лесовосстановление: отчет о НИР (промежуточный) / МарГТУ; рук. Якимович С.Б. Гос. контракт № 01.29/07 с М-вом пром-сти и природ. ресурсов Пермского края. Йошкар-Ола, 2007. 500 с. [Justification of Resource-Saving Technologies of the Timber Industry, Adapted to the Natural Conditions of Perm Krai, with Cost Minimization for Reforestation: Interim Research Report. Directed by Yakimovich S.B. State Contract with the Ministry of Industry and Natural Resources of the Perm Krai No. 01.29/07. Yoshkar-Ola, 2007. 500 p.].
Торопов А.С., Заикин А.Н., Меркелов В.М. Особенности переработки древесины, загрязненной радионуклидами // Изв. вузов. Лесн. журн. 2017. № 1. С. 119–128.
[Toropov A.S., Zaikin A.N., Merkulov V.M. Peculiarities of Processing of Wood Pollutedby Radioactive Nuclides. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2017, no. 1, pp. 119–128]. https://doi.org/10.17238/issn0536-1036.2017.1.119; URL: http://lesnoizhurnal.ru/upload/iblock/fc9/toropov.pdf
Торопов А.С., Меркелов В.М., Краснова В.Ф. Принципы моделирования раскроя древесины, загрязненной радионуклидами // Вестн. КрасГАУ. 2011. № 5. С. 7–11. [Toropov A.S., Merkelov V.M., Krasnova V.F. Modeling Principles for Cutting the Wood, Polluted by the Radionuclides. Vestnik KrasGAU [The Bulletin of KrasGAU], 2011, no. 5, pp. 7–11].
Цыгарова М.В., Суетина Р.И. Нормативно-справочные материалы к технико-экономическим расчетам: метод. указания. Ухта: УГТУ, 2008. 51 с. [Tsygarova M.V. Reference Materials for Technical and Economic Assessment. Ukhta, USTU Publ., 2008. 51 p.].
Якимович С.Б. Постановка задачи оптимального управления синтеза для совокупности технологических процессов лесозаготовок // Вестн. МГУЛ–Лесн. вестн. 2005. № 6. С. 86–89. [Yakimovich C.B. Statement of the Problem of Optimum and Governing a Syntheses for Aggregates of Technological Processes of Logging. Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta lesa – Lesnoy vestnik [Forestry Bulletin], 2005, no. 6, pp. 86–89].
Якимович С.Б., Володина И.Ю. Формирование комплектов машин лесозаготовок на основе распределения состояний предмета труда по маршруту технологического процесса // Лесн. вестн. 2001. № 2. С. 128–136. [Yakimovich S.B., Volodin I.Yu. Formation of Sets of Logging Machine Based on the State Distribution of the Subject of Labor along the Technological Process Route. Lesnoy vestnik [Forestry Bulletin], 2001, no. 2, pp. 128–136].
Якимович С.Б., Ефимов Ю.В. Возможности снижения удельной энергоемкости при производстве пиломатериалов на лесосеке // Актуальные проблемы лесного комплекса. 2009. Вып. 22. С. 227–228. [Yakimovich S.B., Efimov Yu.V. Possibilities for reducing the energy density in the production of sawn timber in the cutting area. Aktual’nyye problemy lesnogo kompleksa. 2009, iss. 22, pp. 227–228].
Calabrese M., Quarantotto M., Cantaluppi C., Fasson A., Bogoni P. Quality Characteristics and Radioactive Contamination of Wood Pellet Imported in Italy. Open Journal of Applied Sciences, 2015, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 183–190. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojapps.2015.55018
Hus M., Košutić K., Lulić S. Radioactive Contamination of Wood and Its Products. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2001, vol. 55, iss. 2, pp. 179–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0265-931X(00)00191-0
McCabe L.C. Wood-Burning Incinerators ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, 1952, vol. 44(4), pp. 111A–114A. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50508a008
Panfilov A.V., Uspenskaya E.Ju. Rehabilitation of Radioactive Contaminated Forests. Radiation Legacy of the 20th Century: Environmental Restoration. Vienna, IAEA, 2002, pp. 329–336.
Smith C.B., Amiro B.D., Lewis G., MacAulay Ed., Stauber D. Environmental Assessment of Radiological Consequences for Forestry in Contaminated Areas of the Republic of Belarus. Final Report: Fire Management Mission. Vol. 5. Report No. E41. Belarus– Forestry Sector Development Project. Denmark, AECL, 1993. 23 p. Available at: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/571081468206692053/Final-report-firemanagement-mission (accessed 06.02.19).
Szekely J.G., Amiro B.D., Rasmussen L.R., Ford B. Environmental Assessment of Radiological Consequences for Forestry in Contaminated Areas of the Republic of Belarus. Report. Vol. 1. Report No. E41. Belarus – Forestry Sector Development Project. Denmark, AECL, 1994. 57 p. Available at: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/955151468205155942/Report (accessed 06.02.19).
Zaikin A.N., Mukovnina M.V., Nikitin V.V. Scherbakov E.N. Reducing Industrial Impact on Forest Ecosystems by Improving the Organization of Harvesting Operations. Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov, Series II: Forestry, Wood Industry, Agricultural Food Engineering, 2018, vol. 11, no. 60, pp. 69–76.
