Purification of Liquid Radioactive Waste with Activated Carbon from Sludge-Lignin
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2025-3-184-194Keywords:
adsorption properties, activated carbons, synthesis, sludge-lignin, radionuclidesAbstract
In this article, the authors have carried out a study of the synthesis of carbon sorbents from sludge-lignin by thermochemical activation and determination of their adsorption properties. Sludge-lignin is a large-tonnage waste generated during coagulation treatment of wastewater from pulp and paper mills. The promising development of technological solutions for waste disposal is complicated by the complex chemical composition of the sludge and the lack of practical demand for potential products that can be obtained as a result of its processing. One of the possible areas of use of by-products of processing is the synthesis of activated sorbents for wastewater treatment from heavy metals and radionuclides. To study the effect of independent parameters on the adsorption properties of activated carbons, an experiment has been conducted using a second-order rotatable central composite design. Based on experimental data, regression equations for the adsorption activity of iodine and methylene blue have been derived. The porous structure of the coal surface has been analysed using the ASAP 2020 MR automated system. The pore volumes of the activated sorbents from sludge-lingin have been determined using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda methods. During the experiment, optimal pyrolisis conditions have been identified: pyrolysis temperature 700 °C, pyrolysis duration 60 min and the activating agent dosage 180 %. This mode is economically advantageous for the formation of high-performance carbon sorbents due to the low consumption of alkali compared to other types of lignin. The authors have studied sorbents obtained under optimal conditions. The sorption properties have been analyzed by the spectrometric method with respect to various radionuclides (cesium, cobalt, strontium, etc.). Energy spectra have been constructed using the SpectraLine GP (Gamma Precision) software package, and the initial and final activity of radionuclides has been calculated. It has been determined that carbon sorbents obtained from sludge-lingin by thermochemical activation can be used for the selective extraction of certain radionuclides with an efficiency of up to 94 %.
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