Thickness and Weight Variability of Birch Bark along the Trunk Length
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2019-2-32Keywords:
downy birch, trunk diameter, tree age, bark, birch bark upper layerAbstract
Due to the special properties birch bark finds wide application in construction, pharmacology, medicine, cosmetology and other branches of economy. The study object is downy birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.). The stand composition consist of 5 birches, 3 aspens, 2 alders and 1 spruce; the average trunk diameter is 21.5 cm; the average stand height is 22.5 m; the relative density is 0.7; the bonitet is II; the stem wood stock is 220 m3/ha. The research purpose is to determine the variability of birch bark parameters along the trunk length depending on trunk diameter and tree age. Nine model birch trees from the different diameter classes were sawn for the detailed analysis. At the height of 0.3, 1.3, 2.0 m and then every 2.0 m the disk shaped samples with thickness of 2–3 cm were sawn out the tree trunk. The freshsawn disks were weighed; after that the bitch bark upper layer was separated and weighted, then the same was done with phloem. All fractions were dried up to the air dry condition and weighed again. According to the results of the second weighing, the humidity of the samples and the content of bark, birch bark upper layer, and phloem were determined in the total weight of a sample. It has been established that thickness, weight, and humidity of phloem and birch bark upper layer vary in trunk height with certain regularity. The maximum content of phloem and birch bark upper layer for all model trees is found in the upper third of a trunk, in the crown; 16–21 and 4–7 %, respectively; little less than in butt. The minimum content of these fractions is typical for the branchless part of a trunk; the share of phloem is 7–9 %, the share of birch bark upper layer is 2–3 %. The mass and thickness of bark expectedly decrease from the butt to the top; however, there are some exceptions for the samples taken at branch points, especially at the points of thick branches attachment. In these areas thickness and mass of butt are always greater in comparison with the areas below or above the trunk. On average, the share of phloem is 3.45 % from the tree mass; the share of birch bark upper layer is 12.41 %. The humidity of phloem and bitch bark varies in height of the trunk. Herewith, the obtained patterns are similar to the change of mass and thickness of these fractions. The highest humidity of phloem and birch bark upper layer is found in the crown area; the lowest humidity is found in the clear stem of a trunk. In all cases, the phloem humidity is higher than that of wood and birch bark upper layer; 147.0; 131.2 and 105.8 %, respectively. It was also shown that the lower the age of model trees, the higher the humidity of birch bark upper layer and phloem. The obtained data allow us to determine more accurately the volume of bark and birch bark upper layer stock. It is possible to estimate more accurately the share of birch bark upper layer and bark from the total weight of the trunk, in view of their humidity in general.
For citation: Gryazkin A.V., Belyaeva N.V., Danilov D.A., Vandzhurak G.V., Hung Vu Van. Thickness and Weight Variability of Birch Bark along the Trunk Length. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Forestry Journal], 2019, no. 2, pp. 32–39. DOI: 10.17238/issn0536-1036.2019.2.32
Downloads
References
Абатуров Ю.Д., Зворыкина К.В., Ильюшенко А.Ф. Типы березовых лесов центральной части южной тайги. М.: Наука, 1982. 156 с.
Веприкова Е.В., Терещенко Е.А., Чесноков Н.В., Кузнецов Б.Н. Использование бересты коры березы для получения сорбционных материалов // Журн. Сиб. федер. ун-та. Химия. 2012. Т. 5, № 2. С. 178–188.
Винокурова Р.И., Трошкова И.Ю. Изменчивость накопления бетулина и суберина в бересте Betula pendula Roth. в зависимости от географической зональности // Лесн. журн. 2008. № 3. С. 126–130. (Изв. высш. учеб. заведений).
Горобец А.И. Недревесная продукция леса. Основы лесохимических производств. Воронеж: ВГЛТА, 2012. 82 с.
Грязькин А.В., Смирнов А.П. Недревесная продукция леса: учеб. пособие. СПб.: Изд-во Политехн. ун-та, 2008. 336 с.
Демаков Ю.П., Смыков А.Е., Денисов С.А. Структура и динамика березняков республики Марий Эл // Вестн. Марийского гос. техн. ун-та. Сер.: Лес. Экология. Природопользование. 2009. № 1. С. 5–18.
Денисов С.А. Динамика формационной структуры березняков в связи с их онтогенезом в различных эдатопах в среднем Поволжье // Вестн. Марийского гос. техн. ун-та. Сер.: Лес. Экология. Природопользование. 2009. № 3. С. 13–27.
Загреев В.В., Сухих В.И., Швиденко А.З., Гусев Н.Н., Мошкалев А.Г. Общесоюзные нормативы для таксации лесов, 1992.
Лигостаева Ю.В. Фармакогностическое исследование бересты и перспективы ее использования в медицине: автореф. дис. ... канд. фармацевт. наук. Самара, 2015. 24 с.
Радькова Е.А. Комплексная эколого-гигиеническая оценка экстракционной переработки коры березы: автореф. дис. … канд. мед. наук. СПб., 2007. 24 с.
Dehelean C.A., Şoica C., Ledeţi I., Aluaş M., Zupko I., Gǎluşcan A., CintaPinzaru S., Munteanu M. Study of the Betulin Enriched Birch Bark Extracts Effects on Human Carcinoma Cells and Ear Inflammation // Chemistry Central Journal. 2012. Vol. 6, no. 1. Pp. 1–9. DOI: 10.1186/1752-153X-6-137
Fulvio F.D., Kroon A., Bergström D., Nordfjell T. Comparison of Energy-Wood and Pulpwood Thinning Systems in Young Birch Stands // Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. 2011. Vol. 26, iss. 4. Pp. 339–349. DOI: 10.1080/02827581.2011.568951
Gryazkin A.V., Beliaev V.V., Beliaeva N.V., Petrik V.V., Kuznetsov E.N., Shakhov A.G. The Logging Waste as Inexhaustible Resource for Alternative Energy // Thermal Science. 2017. Vol. 21, iss. 2. Pр. 1135–1142. DOI: 10.2298/TSCI150306047G
Laszczyk M. Triterpentrockenextrakt aus Birkenkork (Betula alba cortex). Pforzheim, 2007. 157 p.
Sami A., Taru M., Salme K., Jari Y.-K. Pharmacological Properties of the Ubiquitous Natural Product Betulin // European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2006. Vol. 29, iss. 1. Pp. 1–13. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2006.04.006
Skuterud R., Dietrichson J. Budburst in Detached Birch Shoots (Betula pendula) of Different Varieties Winter-Stored in Darkness at Three Different Temperatures // Silva Fennica. 1994. Vol. 28, no. 4. Pp. 233–241. DOI: 10.14214/sf.a9176
Taipale H.Т., Lapinjoki S.P. Use of Evaporative Light-Scattering Mass Detection in HPLC of Triterpenes in the Bark Resin of Betula Species // Phytochemical Analysis. 1991. Vol. 2, no. 2. Pp. 84–86. DOI: 10.1002/pca.2800020209