Minimizing the Chlorine Content in Bleached Sulfate Pulp for Sanitary Tissue products and Food Packaging
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2021-3-186-195Keywords:
pulp, sanitary tissue products, food packaging, bleaching, organochlorine compounds, nonwoven materials, delignificationAbstract
The increasing consumption of pulp for chemical processing, including production of sanitary tissue products and other medical products, food packaging, as well as fillers for food products leads to new requirements for the quality of raw materials. The task of improving the characteristics of pulp has become particularly acute in connection with the COVID-19 epidemic: the demand for disposable nonwoven materials in direct contact with the human skin has increased several times over. The elemental chlorine free (ECF) sulfate pulp bleaching process, which uses chlorine dioxide as a bleaching agent, dominates bleached pulp production worldwide. The chlorine-containing compounds formed as a result of bleaching pollute not only waste water, but also the product itself. In the near future, it is expected that paper products made with chlorine-based bleaches may be banned for the production of sanitary tissue products and food packaging. If the products of the pulp and paper industry do not meet international consumer requirements, the pulp market for these purposes may face undesirable results. The most promising direction of modernization the existing bleaching schemes, both in terms of the process consumption parameters and the quality of the produced pulp, is the use of oxygen-alkaline bleaching in the first stage. Determination of total and organically bound chlorine content in pulp materials in accordance with ISO 11480:2017 on the advanced plant has shown, that the introduction of bleaching schemes using oxygen-alkaline agents will ensure the recommended content of chlorine compounds while maintaining the necessary characteristics of pulp for the manufacture of medical and sanitary tissue products, food packaging. However, high quality of finished products that meet consumers’ requirements is possible only if the chlorine content is controlled at all stages of pulp production, since the quantitative indicators of this substance content remain close to the upper allowable limit.
For citation: sofronova e.D., Lipin v.A., Dubovy v.K., Sustavova t.A. Minimizing the Chlorine Content in bleached sulfate pulp for sanitary tissue products and food packaging. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 3, pp. 186–195. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-3-186-195
Downloads
References
Алексеева Е.Д. Производство растворимой целлюлозы в ССС Р // Pulp and Paper Industry. 2016. № 1. С. 67–75. [Alekseeva E.D. Production of Soluble Pulp in the USSR. Pulp and Paper Industry, 2016, no. 1, pp. 67–75.]
Королева Т.А., Миловидова Л.А., Комарова Г.В., Дряхлицын А.А., Медведев В.В., Мосеев В.Г. Применение окислительного щелочения в процессе отбелки лиственной сульфатной целлюлозы // Изв. вузов. Лесн. журн. 2020. № 4. C. 168–177. [Koroleva T.A., Milovidova L.A., Komarova G.V., Dryakhlitsyn A.A., Medvedev V.V., Moseev V.G. The Use of Oxidative Alkali Treatment for Sulphate Hardwood Pulp Bleaching. Lesnoy Journal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2020, no. 4, pp. 168–177. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2020-4-168-177]
Липин В.А., Софронова Е.Д., Михайловская А.П., Гребенников С.Ф., Лейман О.Ю. Технологические особенности производства растворимой целлюлозы из лиственных пород древесины // ИВУЗ. Технология легкой промышленности. 2018. № 1. С. 110–112. [Lipin V.A., Sofronova E.D., Mikhailovskaya A.P., Grebennikov S.F., Leiman O.Yu. Technological Peculiarities of Manufacture of Soluble Cellulose from Firety Rocks of Wood. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Tekhnologiya legkoy promyshlennosti [The News of higher educational institutions. Technology of Light Industry], 2018, no. 1, pp. 110–112.]
Орлова А.В., Софронова Е.Д., Липин В.А. Отбелка целлюлозы для химической переработки по технологии ECF LIGHT // XXIII Междунар. Биос-форум и молодеж. Биос-олимпиада 2018. СП б.: Типография Любавич, 2019. С. 118–122. [Orlova A.V., Sofronova E.D., Lipin V.A. Bleaching of Pulp for Chemical Processing by ECF Light Technology. XXIV International and Interregional Youth BIOS-Olympiad and BIOS-Forum 2018. Saint Petersburg, Tipografiya Lyubavich, 2019, pp. 118–122.]
Софронова Е.Д., Липин В.А., Орлова А.В., Добош А.Ю. Анализ содержания органического хлора в беленой целлюлозе иностранных и российских предприятий // Изв. СП бЛТА . 2020. Вып. 230. С. 215–225. Sofronova E.D., Lipin V.A., Orlova A.V., Dobosh A.Yu. The Influence of Bleaching Scheme Technology on the Content of Total and Bound Chlorine in Cellulose. Izvestia Sankt-Peterburgskoj Lesotehniceskoj Akademii [News of the Saint Petersburg State Forest Technical Academy], 2020, iss. 230, pp. 215–225. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21266/2079-4304.2020.230.215-225]
Brogdon B.N., Lucia L.A. New Insights into Lignin Modification during Chlorine Dioxide Bleaching Sequences (IV): The Impact of Modifications in the (EP) and (EOP) Stages on the D1 Stage. Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology, 2005, vol. 25, iss. 3, pp. 149–170. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02773810500191716]
Chong Y.H., Daud W.R.W., Leh C.P. Effect of Hydroxen Peroxide and Anthraquione on the Selectivity and Hexenuronic Acid Content of Mixed Tropical Hardwood Kraft Pulp during Oxygen Delignification. BioResources, 2003, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 2547–2557. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.8.2.2547-2557]
Colodette J.L., Honor Mounteer A., Gomes C.M., Rabelo M.S., Eiras K.M. Eucalyptus Kraft Pulp Bleaching: State-of-the-Art and New Developments, 2005 Engineering, Pulping and Environmental Conference. Atlanta, Georgia, TAPPI PRESS, 2006.
Fillat U., Roncero M.B., Bassa A., Sacon V.M. An Approach to Industrial Application: Influence of Black Liquor and pH on Xylanase Efficiency in Bleaching of Eucalyptus Kraft Pulp. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2010, vol. 49, iss. 22, pp. 11200–11205. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ie1014469
Ibarra D., Camarero S., Romero J., Martínez M.J., Martínez A.T. Integrating Laccase–Mediator Treatment into an Industrial-Type Sequence for Totally Chlorine-Free Bleaching of Eucalypt Kraft Pulp. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 2006, vol. 81, iss. 7, pp. 1159–1165. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.1485
ISO 3688:1999. Pulps – Preparation of Laboratory Sheets for the Measurement of Diffuse Blue Reflectance Factor (ISO Brightness). Geneva, ISO/TC 6, 1999. 5 p.
ISO 5351-2:2010. Cellulose in Dilute Solutions – Determination of Limiting Viscosity Number – Part 2: Method in Iron(III) Sodium Tartrate Complex (EWNN mod NaCl) Solution. Geneva, ISO/TC 6, 2010. 19 p.
ISO 302:2015. Pulps – Determination of Kappa Number. Geneva, ISO/TC 6, 2015. 12 p.
ISO 11480:2017. Pulp, Paper and Board – Determination of Total Chlorine and Organically Bound Chlorine. Geneva, ISO/TC 6, 2017. 16 p.
ISO 10993-23:2021. Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Part 23: Tests for Irritation. Geneva, ISO/TC 194, 2021. 60 p.
Jablonský M., Vrška M., Katuščák S. Cellulose Protectors for Improving Ozone Bleaching – Review. Wood Research, 2004, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 71–86.
Kaur D., Bhardwaj N.K., Lohchab K.R. Effect of Incorporation of Ozone Prior to ECF Bleaching on Pulp, Paper and Effluent Quality. Journal of Environmental Management, 2019, vol. 236, pp. 134–145. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.01.089
Llano T., Arce C., Ruiz G., Chenna N., Coz A. Modelling and Optimization of the Last Two Stages of an Environmentally-Compatible TCF Bleaching Sequence. BioResources, 2018, vol. 13, iss. 3, pp. 6642–6662. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.13.3.6642-6662
Maltha C.R.A., Barbosa L.C.A., Azevedo M.A.B., Colodette J.L. Behavior of Eucalyptus Kraft Pulp Extractives Components across ECF Bleaching and Their Impact on Brightness Reversion. Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology, 2011, vol. 31, iss. 2, pp. 103–120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2010.502283
Nie S., Yao S., Wang S., Qin C. Absorbable Organic Halide (AOX) Reduction in Elemental Chlorine-Free (ECF) Bleaching of Bagasse Pulp from the Addition of Sodium Sulphide. BioResources, 2016, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 713–723. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.11.1.713-723
Pouyet F., Chirat C., Potthast A., Lachenal D. Formation of Carbonyl Groups on Cellulose During Ozone Treatment of Pulp: Consequences for Pulp Bleaching. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2014, vol. 109, pp. 85–91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.02.082
Ragnar M., Ekstrom U. Reduction of Organically Bound Chlorine Formed in Chlorine Dioxide Bleaching. Patent US, no. US 20030056295 А1, 2003.
Ragnar M., Törngren A. Ways to Reduce the Amount of Organically Bound Chlorine in Bleached Pulp and the AOX Discharges from ECF Bleaching. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal, 2002, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 234–239. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2002-17-03-p234-239
Ribeiro R.A., Gomes F.G.B., Floriani J.N., Damásio R.A.P., Demuner I.F., Colodette J.L. Final Chlorine Dioxide Stage at Near-Neutral pH for Bleaching Eucalyptus Pulp. Química Nova, 2014, vol. 37, no. 10, pp. 1646–1649. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5935/0100-4042.20140251
Sharma N., Bhardwaj N.K., Singh R.B.P. Environmental Issues of Pulp Bleaching and Prospects of Peracetic Acid Pulp Bleaching: A Review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020, vol. 256, art. 120338. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120338
Suess H.U. Pulp Bleaching Today. Berlin, Walter de Gruyter, 2010. 310 p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110218244
Valls C., Cadena E.M., Roncero M.B. Obtaining Biobleached Eucalyptus Cellulose Fibres by Using Various Enzyme Combinations. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2013, vol. 92, iss. 1, pp. 276–282. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.08.083
Yao S., Liu B., Nie S., Wang S., Qin C., Wang S. Pretreatment of Chlorine Dioxide Solution for Pulp Bleaching. Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy, 2019, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 523–531. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2019.1886
Zhang H., Nie S., Qin C., Zhang K., Wang S. Effect of Hot Chlorine Dioxide Delignification on AOX in Bagasse Pulp Wastewater. Cellulose, 2018, vol. 25, iss. 3, pp. 2037–2049. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-018-1670-1
