Influence of Cardboard Pretreatment on the Determination of Starch Content by the Enzymatic Method
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2021-5-150-162Keywords:
corrugated cardboard, starch, starch determination, amylolytic enzymes, defibrillation, waste paperAbstract
We determined the amount of starch by the enzymatic method in different samples of corrugated cardboard, including the sample produced of primary semi-finished products and corrugated cardboard made of 100 % waste paper. For starch enzymatic degradation, it is necessary to extract it from the corrugated board structure, since the processes of compression and keratinization of pulp fibers reduce the availability of starch for extraction. Enzymatic treatment requires the use of a complex amylolytic preparation for complete hydrolysis of starch to glucose. We were able to determine, respectively, 70 and 84 % of starch obtained from primary semi-finished products by mechanical methods, such as defibrillation in water and degradation in a liquid nitrogen medium, and added at the production stage of corrugated cardboard. It was shown that extraction with alkaline agents was necessary for more complete extraction of starch from corrugated cardboard. The influence of alkaline treatment on the characteristics of fibers of waste paper fractions obtained at the Sukhonsky Cardboard and Paper Mill has been analyzed. The fibers swell in alkali, resulting in an increase in fiber width and its shortening, as well as a decrease in crystallinity, which can be a positive opportunity for more complete starch extraction. Fiber swelling and crystallinity reduction are more intensive for the short fiber fraction compared to the long fiber fraction. When determining starch in corrugated cardboard using the standard method SCAN-P 91:09 SСAN-W 13:09 it was not possible to detect all the starch added at the production stage of corrugated cardboard from primary semi-finished products. Also the processing conditions of this methodology lead to degradation of the partially hydrolyzed starch. The most complete extraction of starch from corrugated cardboard was achieved by two stages of alkaline extraction under the following conditions: 5 % NaOH, temperature of 20 °C, the duration of each extraction – 2 h. Under these processing conditions it was possible to determine all the starch (22.8 kg/t) in the corrugated cardboard produced of primary semi-finished products with known consumption of starch; the starch content in the corrugated cardboard produced of 100 % waste paper was 48.2 kg/t.
For citation: Khadyko I.A., Novozhilov E.V., Chukhchin D.G. Influence of Cardboard Pretreatment on the Determination of Starch Content by the Enzymatic Method. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 5, pp. 150–162. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-5-150-162
Funding: The reported study was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research within the framework of the research project No. 20-04-00457 “Pits in the Anatomical Elements of the Xylem of Higher Plants: Formation, Morphology and Functions”.
Acknowledgements: The studies with the use of electron microscopy and X-ray structure analysis were carried out using the equipment of the Core Facility Center “Arktika”, NArFU. The studies with the use of L&W Fiber Tester were carried out using the equipment of the Innovative facilities Engineering and Innovation Center “Advanced Northern Bioresources Processing Technologies”, NArFU.
Downloads
References
Дулькин Д.А., Спиридонов В.А., Комаров В.И. Современное состояние и перспективы использования вторичного волокна из макулатуры в мировой и отечественной индустрии бумаги. Архангельск: АГТУ, 2007. 1118 с. Dul’kin D.A., Spiridonov V.A., Komarov V.I. Current State and Prospects of the Use of Recycled Fiber from Waste Paper in the Global and Domestic Paper Industry. Arkhangelsk, ASTU Publ., 2007. 1118 p.
Дьякова Е.В., Дулькин Д.А., Комаров В.И. Переработка макулатуры. Архангельск: АГТУ, 2009. 172 с. D’yakova E.V., Dul’kin D.A., Komarov V.I. Waste Paper Recycling. Arkhangelsk, ASTU Publ., 2009. 172 p.
Залевская Ю.М., Белик Е.С., Бурмистрова М.В. Проблема очистки сточных вод целлюлозно-бумажной промышленности // Экология и научно-технический прогресс. Урбанистика. 2015. Т. 1. С. 137–144. Zalevskaya Yu.M., Belik E.S., Burmistrova M.V. Wastewater Treatment Pulp and Paper Industry. Proceedings of the XIII All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference of Students, Postgraduate Students and Young Scientists “Ecology, Scientific and Technological Progress. Urban Studies”. Perm, PNRPU, 2015, vol. 1, pp. 137–144.
Лапин В.В., Смоляков А.И., Кудрина Н.Д. Загрязнения в бумажной массе из 100 % макулатуры: влияние на степень помола и прочность бумаги и картона // Целлюлоза. Бумага. Картон. 2001. № 7-8. С. 32–34. Lapin V.V., Smolyakov A.I., Kudrina N.D. Impurities in Paper Pulp Made of 100 % Waste Paper: Influence on the Degree of Grinding and Strength of Paper and Cardboard. Tsellyuloza. Bumaga. Karton, 2001, no. 7-8, pp. 32–34.
Лапин В.В., Смоляков А.И., Кудрина Н.Д. Проблема прочностных свойств бумаги для гофрирования и картона для плоских слоев из 70…100 % макулатуры: роль помола // Целлюлоза. Бумага. Картон. 2002. № 9-10. С. 32–34. Lapin V.V., Smolyakov A.I., Kudrina N.D. The Problem of Strength Properties of Corrugated Paper and Cardboard for Liners of 70–100 % Waste Paper: The Role of Grinding. Tsellyuloza. Bumaga. Karton, 2002, no. 9-10, pp. 32–34.
Михайлова О.С., Крякунова Е.В., Канарский А.В., Казаков Я.В., Дулькин Д.А. Влияние ферментативной обработки крахмала картофельного на физико-механические свойства бумаги // Вестн. технол. ун-та. 2015. Т. 18, № 4. С. 203–207. Mihailova O.S., Kryakounova E.V., Kanarskii A.V., Kazakov Y.V., Dulkin D.A. Effect of Enzymatic Treatment of Potato Starch on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Paper. Vestnik tekhnologicheskogo universiteta [Bulletin of the Technological University], 2015, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 203–207.
Новожилов Е.В. Применение ферментных технологий в целлюлозно-бумажной промышленности: моногр. Архангельск: САФУ, 2013. 364 с. Novozhilov E.V. Application of Enzyme Technologies in Pulp and Paper Industry. Arkhangelsk, NArFU Publ., 2013. 364 p.
Фляте Д.М. Свойства бумаги. 5-е изд., стер. СПб.: Лань, 2012. 384 с. Flyate D.M. Properties of Paper. Saint Petersburg, Lan’ Publ., 2012. 384 p.
Хадыко И.А., Казаков Я.В., Новожилов Е.В., Канарский А.В. Применение ферментов для оценки биодеградации материалов экспресс методом // Вестн. Казан. технол. ун-та. 2014. Т. 17, № 13. С. 277–280. Khadyko I.A., Kazakov Y.V., Novozhilov E.V., Kanarskii A.V. The Use of Enzymes for the Assessment of Biodegradation of Materials by the Express Method. Vestnik Kazanskogo tekhnologicheskogo universiteta [Bulletin of the Technological University], 2014, vol. 17, no. 13, pp. 277–280.
Хадыко И.А., Новожилов Е.В., Пригодич Я.А., Канарский А.В. Ферментативный метод определения крахмала в бумаге и картоне // Вестн. технол. ун-та. 2017. Т. 20, № 7. С. 156–159. Khadyko I.A., Novozhilov E.V., Prigodich Y.A., Kanarskiy A.V. Enzymatic Method for Determination of Starch in Paper and Cardboard. Vestnik tekhnologicheskogo universiteta [Bulletin of the Technological University], 2017, vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 156–159.
Alexandersson T. Water Reuse in Paper Mills. Measurements and Control Problems in Biological Treatment. Licentiate Thesis. Lund, Sweden, Lund University, 2003. 126 p.
Baсеrra V., Оdеrmatt J. Direct Determination of Cationic Starches in Paper Samples Using Analytical Pyrolysis. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2014, vol. 105, pp. 348–354. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2013.11.024
Bogolitsyn K.G., Zubov I.N., Gusakova M.A., Chukhchin D.G., Krasikova A.A. Juniper Wood Structure under the Microscope. Planta, 2015, vol. 241, iss. 5, pp. 1231–1239. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-015-2252-1
Hernadi A., Lele I. Improving the Recycled Fibre Performance by Means of α-Amylase Treatment. Papiripar, 2004, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 97–106.
Hubbe M.A., Venditti R.A., Rojas O.J. What Happens to Cellulosic Fibers during Papermaking and Recycling? A Review. BioResources, 2007, vol. 2(4), pp. 739–788. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.2.4.739-788
SCAN-P 91:09 SCAN-W 13:09. Paper, Board and Process Waters – Starch Content. Scandinavian Pulp, Paper and Board Testing Committee, 2008. 10 p.
TAPPI/ANSI T 419 Om-18. Starch in Paper. ANSI, 2011. 6 p.
Topgaard D., Söderman O. Changes of Cellulose Fiber Wall Structure during Drying Investigated Using NMR Self-Diffusion and Relaxation Experiments. Cellulose, 2002, vol. 9, iss. 2, pp. 139–147. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020158524621
Wistara N., Young R.A. Properties and Treatments of Pulps from Recycled Paper. Part I. Physical and Chemical Properties of Pulps. Cellulose, 1999, vol. 6, iss. 4, pp. 291–324. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009221125962
