Evaluation of Siberian Stone Pine Plantations at the End of the First Age Class
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2021-6-56-68Keywords:
Siberian stone pine, Siberian cedar, damage rate, suppression, growth indices, Siberian stone pine multi-stemmingAbstract
The 40-year-old plantations of Siberian stone pine laid out as a permanent seed plot have been studied. The research purpose is to study the integrity, state and main forest inventory parameters of the Siberian stone pine plantations on the southern line of the species range at the end of first age class; to determine the role of natural renewal of trees and shrubs on the development of the Siberian stone pine plantations; to improve process solutions for efficient renewal of high-value biological resources. The research uses the methods generally accepted in forestry, forest science and forest inventory. It is found that the integrity of Siberian stone pine on the site is about 31 % (678 pcs/ha), wherein 406 pcs/ha are without damage to the trunk. Only about 25 % of Siberian stone pine trees grow under low shade, the rest of them are constantly shaded by natural renewal and have varying degrees of suppression. No generative organs were found in 44-year-old Siberian stone pine trees. At the initial stage of plantations growth, the main factor negatively affecting the integrity and state of trees is the damaging of Siberian stone pine by moose. Traditional improvement thinning with leaving stumps that produce many shoots of deciduous species attracts moose to the site in winter, where they use young growth of deciduous species and the covered with needles part of Siberian stone pine as forage. Subsequently, in the absence of tending, natural renewal negatively affects the Siberian stone pine trees, inhibiting growth and formation. It is necessary to remove the negative influence in the mixed biocenosis in order to prevent further deterioration of the Siberian stone pine state. This requires completely different technological solutions for forestry activities such as ringing or injection of trees of natural renewal, causing drying at the root, which significantly reduces or eliminates the emergence of deciduous young growth. This will decrease the attractiveness of the site for moose and minimize their impact on Siberian stone pine. The clear drying of surrounding trees will enhance the illumination of Siberian stone pine crowns and improve their soil nutrition, ensuring good root, trunk, and crown growth and accelerating the beginning of the formation of generative organs. These technical solutions can be used throughout the forest zone for the artificial cultivation of the high-value species – Siberian stone pine.
For citation: Terekhov G.G., Andreeva E.M., Stetsenko S.K. Evaluation of Siberian Stone Pine Plantations at the End of the First Age Class. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 6, pp. 56–68. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-6-56-68
Funding: The work is carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the Botanical Garden of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Downloads
References
Андреева Е.М., Терехов Г.Г., Стеценко С.К., Соловьев В.М., Фомин В.В. Лесоводственная и санитарная оценка культур кедра сибирского первого класса возраста в Свердловской области // Естественные и технические науки. 2019. № 10(136). С. 172–176. Andreeva E.M., Terekhov G.G., Stetsenko S.K., Soloviev V.M., Fomin V.V. Forestry and Sanitary Assessment of Cedar Crops of the First Class Age in the Sverdlovsk Region. Estestvennyye i tekhnicheskiye nauki [Natural and technical sciences], 2019, vol. 10(136), pp. 172–176. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25633/ETN.2019.10.26
Бобров Р.В. Об улучшении ведения хозяйства в кедровых лесах в Российской Федерации в свете Постановления СМ СССР и РСФСР // Проблемы комплексного использования кедровых лесов. Томск: ТГУ , 1982. С. 38–50. Bobrov R.V. On Improving the Management of Cedar Forests in the Russian Federation in Connection with the Decree of the Council of Ministers in the USSR and the RSFSR. Problems of the Integrated Use of Cedar Forests. Tomsk, TSU Publ., 1982, pp. 38–50.
Болезни и вредители в лесах России. Т. 3. Методы мониторинга вредителей и болезней леса / под общ. ред. Тузова В.К. М.: ВНИИ ЛМ, 2004. 200 с. Diseases and Pests in the Forests of Russia. Vol. 3. Methods for Monitoring Forest Pests and Diseases. Ed. by V.K. Tuzov. Moscow, VNIILM Publ., 2004. 200 p.
Бродников С.Н., Лазарева С.М. Культуры сосны кедровой сибирской в лесах Среднего Поволжья // Вестн. ПГТУ . Сер.: Лес. Экология. Природопользование, 2016. № 3(31). С. 19–29. Brodnikov S.N., Lazareva S.M. Siberian Stone Pine in the Forests of Middle Volga Region. Vestnik Povolzhskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnologicheskogo universiteta [Vestnik of Volga State University of Technology. Ser.: Forest. Ecology. Nature Management], 2016, no. 3(31), pp. 19–29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15350/2306-2827.2016.3.19
Велисевич С.Н. Состояние мужской генеративной сферы сосны кедра сибирского на южной границе ареала в Западной Сибири // Лесоведение. 2016. № 4. С. 312–320. Velisevich S.N. Health of Male Reproductive Sphere of Siberian Pine at the Southern Limit in Western Siberia. Lesovedenie [Russian Journal of Forest Science], 2016, no. 4, pp. 312–320.
Горошкевич С.Н. Динамика роста и плодоношения кедра сибирского (Pinus sibiriсa Du Tour): цикличность или ациклические колебания? // Вестн. Томск. гос. ун-та. Биология. 2017. № 38. С. 104–121. Goroshkevich S.N. Dynamics of Siberian Stone Pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) Growth and Seed Production: Cyclicity or Acyclic Oscillation? Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. Biologiya [Tomsk State University Journal of Biology], 2017, no. 38, pp. 104–121. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/38/6
Дроздов И.И., Дроздов Ю.И. Лесная интродукция. М.: МГУ Л, 2005. 134 с. Drozdov I.I., Drozdov Yu.I. Forest Introduction. Moscow, MSFU Publ., 2005. 134 p.
Земляной А.И., Барановский В.И. Особенности семеношения кедра сибирского на северной границе ареала // Хвойные бореальной зоны. 2007. Т. 24, № 2-3. С. 183–186. Zemlyanoy A.I., Baranovskiy V.I. Features of Siberian Pine Seed Production on the Northern Border of the Range. Hvojnye boreal’noj zony [Conifers of the boreal area], 2007, vol. 24, no. 2-3, pp. 183–186.
Зубов С.А., Кирсанов В.А., Смолоногов Е.П., Петров М.Ф., Трусов П.Ф. Научные основы ведения хозяйства в кедровых лесах Урала // Рациональное использование лесов Урала и сохранение их средообразующей роли: тез. докл. к Свердл. обл. науч.-техн. конф. Свердловск, 1976. С. 67–69. Zubov S.A., Kirsanov V.A., Smolonogov E.P., Petrov M.F., Trusov P.F. Scientific Basis of Management in Cedar Forests of the Urals. Rational Use of Forests in the Urals and Preservation of Their Environment-Forming Role: Abstracts of Reports of the Sverdlovsk Regional Scientific and Technical Conference. Sverdlovsk, 1976, pp. 67–69.
Калинин М.И. Корневедение. М.: Экология, 1991. 173 с. Kalinin M.I. Root Science. Moscow, Ekologiya Publ., 1991. 173 p.
Колесников Б.П., Зубарева Р.С., Смолоногов Е.П. Лесорастительные условия и типы лесов Свердловской области (практическое руководство). Свердловск: ИЭРиЖ УНЦ АН СССР , 1973. 176 с. Kolesnikov B.P., Zubareva R.S., Smolonogov E.P. Forest Site Conditions and Forest Types in the Sverdlovsk Region (Practical Guide). Sverdlovsk, IERiZh UNTs AN SSSR Publ., 1973. 176 p.
Крылов Г.В., Таланцев Н.К., Козакова Н.Ф. Кедр. М.: Лесн. пром-сть, 1983. 216 с. Krylov G.V., Talantsev N.K., Kozakova N.F. Cedar. Moscow, Lesnaya promyshlennost’ Publ., 1983. 216 p.
Лескова О.В., Христофорова Е.Ю., Карасева М.А. Рост культур кедра сибирского в биогрупповых посадках // Актуальные проблемы лесного комплекса. 2007. Вып. 17. С. 63–66. Leskova O.V., Khristoforova E.Yu., Karaseva M.A. Growth of Cultures of a Cedar Siberian in Biogroup Landings Plantings. Aktual’nyye problemy lesnogo kompleksa, 2007, iss. 17, pp. 63–66.
Лесная энциклопедия: в 2 т. / гл. ред. Г.И. Воробьев. М.: Сов. энцикл., 1985. Т. 1. 564 с. Forest Encyclopedia: In 2 Vol. Ed. by G.I. Vorob’yev. Moscow, Sovetskaya Entsiklopediya Publ., 1985, vol. 1. 564 p.
Матвеева Р.Н., Милютин Л.И., Буторова О.Ф., Братилова Н.П. Отбор деревьев кедра сибирского высокой репродуктивной способности на географической лесосеменной плантации // Изв. вузов. Лесн. журн. 2017. № 2. С. 9–20. Matveeva R.N., Milyutin L.I., Butorova O.F., Bratilova N.P. Selection of High Reproductive Siberian Cedar Trees in the Geographic Seed Plantation. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2017, no. 2, pp. 9–20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17238/issn0536-1036.2017.2.9
Мерзленко М.Д., Коженкова А.А., Мельник П.Г. Рост хвойных интродуцентов в Западном Подмосковье // Вестн. Алтайск. ГАУ . 2017. № 5(151). С. 86–90. Merzlenko M.D., Kozhenkova A.A., Melnik P.G. Growth of Introduced Coniferous Species in the Western Part of the Moscow Region. Vestnik Altayskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta [Bulletin of Altai State Agricultural University], 2017, no. 5(151), pp. 86–90.
Некрасова Т.П. Биологические основы семеношения кедра сибирского. Новосибирск: Наука, 1972. 272 с. Nekrasova T.P. Biological Basis of Siberian Pine Seeding. Novosibirsk, Nauka Publ., 1972. 272 p.
ОСТ 56-69–83. Площади пробные лесоустроительные. Метод закладки. М.: ЦБНТИ лесхоз, 1984. 60 с. Industrial Standard. OST 56-69–83. Forest Inventory Test Sites. Laying out Method. Moscow, TsBNTI Publ., 1984. 60 p.
Парамонов Е.Г., Башегуров В.К., Шевченко А.Н. Участие культур и подроста кедра в формировании орехоплодных плантаций // Вестн. Алтайск. ГАУ . 2007. № 3(29). С. 26–29. Paramonov Y.G., Bashegurov V.K., Shevchenko A.N. Role of Plants and Cedar Undergrowth in the Formation of Nut Bearing Plantations. Vestnik Altayskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta [Bulletin of Altai State Agricultural University], 2007, no. 3(29), pp. 26–29.
Петров М.Ф. Кедр – дерево хлебное. Свердловск: Сред.-Урал. кн. изд-во, 1982. 160 с. Petrov M.F. Cedar is a Productive Tree. Sverdlovsk, Sredne-Ural’skoye knizhnoye izdatel’stvo, 1982. 160 p.
Путенихин В.П., Путенихина К.В., Шигапов З.Х. Кедр сибирский в Башкирском Предуралье и на Южном Урале: биологические и лесоводственные особенности при интродукции. Уфа: Башкир. энцикл., 2017. 248 с. Putenikhin V.P., Putenikhina K.V., Shigapov Z.Kh. Siberian Stone Pine in the Bashkir Cis-Urals and the Southern Urals: Biological and Forestry Features during Introduction. Ufa, Bashkirskaya entsiklopediya Publ., 2017. 248 p.
Сторожев В.П. Ретроспективный анализ семеношения и прироста кедра сибирского в национальном парке «Шушенский бор» // Сиб. экол. журн. 2007. № 1. С. 61–68. Storozhev V.P. Retrospective Analysis of Seminiferous Characteristics and Growth of Siberian Cedar in the National Park “Shushensky Bor”. Sibirskiy Ekologicheskiy Zhurnal [Contemporary Problems of Ecology], 2007, no. 1, pp. 61–68.
Танцырев Н.В. Лесоводственно-экологический анализ естественного возобновления кедра сибирского на сплошных гарях и вырубках в горных лесах Северного Урала: дис. … канд. биол. наук. Екатеринбург: УГ ЛТУ , 2012. 215 с. Tantsyrev N.V. Forestry and Ecological Analysis of Natural Siberian Stone Pine Renewal on Clear Burnt Areas and Cuttings in Mountain Forests of the Northern Urals: Cand. Biol. Sci. Diss. Yekaterinburg, USFEU, 2012. 215 p.
Терехов Г.Г., Стеценко С.К., Андреева Е.М., Крюк В.И., Луганский В.Н. Особенности формирования чистых и смешанных культур кедра сибирского с сосной обыкновенной и елью сибирской на Среднем Урале // Лесотехн. журн. 2018. Т. 8, № 2(30). С. 95–104. Terekhov G.G., Stetsenko S.K., Andreeva E.M., Kryuk V.I., Lugansky V.N. Peculiarities of Formation of Clean and Mixed Plantations of Siberian Cedar with Scots Pine and Siberian Spruce on Middle Urals. Lesotekhnicheskiy zhurnal [Forestry Engineering Journal], 2018, vol. 8, no. 2(30), pp. 95–104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12737/article_5b24060e034156.02757256
Чернов Н.Н., Митрофанов С.В. Лесные культуры кедра сибирского в восточноуральской лесостепи. Екатеринбург: УГ ЛТУ , 2008. 140 с. Chernov N.N., Mitrofanov S.V. Forest Plantations of Siberian Stone Pine in the Eastern Ural Forest Steppe. Yekaterinburg, USFEU Publ., 2008. 140 p.
Critchfield W.B., Little E.L. Geographic Distribution of the Pines of the World. Washington, DC, USDA, 1966. 97 p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.66393
Eberchard J. Zur Frage der Naturverjungung von Pinus cembra ssp. sibirica in der unteren Bergzone des Altai im Gebiet des Telezker Sees. Archi Forstwesen, 1966, B. 15, Nr. 5-6, S. 617–628.
Farjon A. A Handbook of the World’s Conifers. In 2 Vol. Leiden-Boston, Brill, 2010. 1112 p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789047430629
Hempel G., Jung E. Űber Wachstum Struktur und des farnreichen sibirischen Lirbenkilfern-Mannen-Waldes (Pinetum cembrae typikum dryopteridosum). Archiv Ferstwes, 1968, B. 17, S. 753–780.
Jones P.D., Briffa K.R. Global Surface Air Temperature Variations during the Twentieth Century: Part 1. Spatial, Temporal and Seasonal Details. The Holocene, 1992, vol. 2, iss. 2, pp. 165–179. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/095968369200200208
Kharuk V.I., Im S.T., Oskorbin P.A., Petrov I.A., Ranson K.J. Siberian Pine Decline and Mortality in Southern Siberian Mountains. Forest Ecology and Management, 2013, vol. 310, pp. 312–320. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.08.042
Krüssmann G. Die Nadelgehölze. Berlin, Verlag Paul Parey, 1979. 264 p.
Stecher J. Die Zirbe (Pinus cembra L.). Beschreibung, Nutzung und Wissenschaftliche Bedeutung. München, Grin Verlag Gmbh, 2014. 32 p.
Steffan A.W. Zur Einschleppung und Ausbreitung der Fichtengallenläuse im Ammerländer Baumschulgebiet (Homoptera: Adelgidae). Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie [Journal of Applied Entomology], 1970, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 345–357. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1970.tb03993.x
Wong C.M., Daniels L.D. Novel Forest Decline Triggered by Multiple Interactions among Climate, an Introduced Pathogen and Bark Beetles. Global Change Biology, 2017, vol. 23, iss. 5, pp. 1926–1941. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13554
