Planting Spacing and Variation in Mechanical Properties of Poplar Wood (Populus deltoids)

М. Киаеи

doi:10.37482/0536-1036-2025-5-133-142

Авторы

М. Киаеи Исламский университет Азад, кафедра целлюлозно-бумажных наук и технологий https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9222-8069

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2025-5-133-142

Ключевые слова:

Populus deltoids, густота посадки, положение древесины по высоте ствола, плотность древесины, механические свойства древесины

Аннотация

Густота посадки оказывает влияние на диаметр ствола, высоту дерева и, в конечном счете, на качество древесины ввиду конкуренции корней и крон деревьев за свет, воду и питательные вещества. В настоящем исследовании изучено воздействие густоты посадки и положения древесины по высоте ствола на плотность древесины и ее механические свойства у Populus deltoids. Район исследования – провинция Мазендеран на севере Ирана. 9 деревьев тополя (Populus deltoids Barter.ex Marsh) были выбраны случайным образом на 3 участках плантации целлюлозно-бумажного комбината г. Сари (Мазендеран) размерами 2×2, 2×3 и 3×3 м. Для измерения плотности и учета механических свойств древесины использованы 3 образца дисковой формы, взятые в 3 положениях в продольном направлении по высоте дерева снизу вверх (высота на уровне груди, 50 и 75 % высоты ствола). В соответствии с требованиями стандартов Международной организации по стандартизации (ISO) и Американского общества испытаний и материалов (ASTM), образцы изготовлены из зрелой древесины. Результаты исследования продемонстрировали существенное влияние густоты посадки на плотность и механические свойства древесины. Влияние положения древесины по высоте ствола на модуль упругости оказалось значительным, при этом плотность, предел прочности при изгибе, сжатие вдоль волокон и сопротивление выдергиванию гвоздя не изменились. Оптимальная первоначальная густота посадки с точки зрения плотности древесины и ее механических свойств была обнаружена на участке площадью 2×2 м. Анализ качественных характеристик древесины установил, что для посадки тополя больше подходит размещение с меньшим шагом.

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