Влияние различных типов физической нагрузки на функциональное состояние печени мышей при диабете 2-го типа (обзор)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37482/2687-1491-Z271Ключевые слова:
сахарный диабет 2-го типа, функциональное состояние печени, липидный обмен, силовые тренировки, высокоинтенсивные интервальные тренировки, сетевой метаанализАннотация
Сахарный диабет 2-го типа вызывает комплексные системные нарушения, при этом печень, будучи центральным органом углеводного и липидного обмена, является одной из основных мишеней хронических диабетических осложнений. Регулярная физическая активность рассматривается как эффективное немедикаментозное средство коррекции метаболических расстройств, связанных с указанным заболеванием. Цель настоящего обзора – сравнительный анализ влияния различных форм физической активности на показатели функционального состояния печени у животных с экспериментальной моделью сахарного диабета 2-го типа. Материалы и методы. Выполнен сетевой метаанализ, охватывающий 38 рандомизированных контролируемых исследований (суммарно – с участием 601 мыши). Данные были собраны из баз Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, CNKI и EBSCO. Рассматривались следующие виды нагрузок: аэробные и силовые тренировки, плавание, высокоинтенсивные интервальные тренировки, тренировки средней интенсивности, а также спонтанная двигательная активность. В качестве исходных критериев оценки учитывались уровни аланинаминотрансферазы (ALT), аспартатаминотрансферазы (AST), триглицеридов, липопротеинов высокой (ЛПВП) и низкой (ЛПНП) плотности, а также активность фосфоенолпируваткарбоксикиназы (PEPCK). Результаты. Анализ выявил, что высокоинтенсивные интервальные тренировки оказывали наиболее выраженное воздействие на функциональное состояние печени мышей с сахарным диабетом 2-го типа, обеспечивая значительное снижение уровней ALT и триглицеридов при одновременном повышении концентрации ЛПВП. Силовые тренировки продемонстрировали преимущество в снижении уровней AST, ЛПНП и активности PEPCK. Плавание и тренировки средней интенсивности также положительно влияли на ряд биомаркеров, однако их эффект был менее выраженным. На основании полученных данных можно сделать вывод, что высокоинтенсивные интервальные тренировки и силовые тренировки могут быть более эффективными стратегиями для регуляции метаболизма печени у мышей с сахарным диабетом 2-го типа. Эти результаты подчеркивают потенциал физической активности как безопасного и доступного метода коррекции диабетических нарушений печени, действенность которого требует дальнейшего подтверждения в клинических исследованиях.
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