Physical Properties Dynamics of Podzolic Soil in the Naturally Regenerated Cutover Areas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2019-5-70Keywords:
clear-cuttings, podzolic soils, sand texture, soil compaction, natural reforestrationAbstract
The research relevance is driven by the need to study the patterns of changes in the physical properties of soil for prediction the recovery period after anthropogenic impact. The aim of the research was to establish the space-time patterns of changes and restoration of the podzolic soil physical properties during natural regrowth after cuttings. The study objects are located in the taiga forest zone on small-scale clear cuttings with fellings of 5, 18 and 28 years old. The initial plots are represented by the mature stands of blueberry forest with pine domination. Cuttings were carried out with the use of gasoline chainsaws for trees felling, and a skidding tractor for skidding. Clearing of cutting areas was realized simultaneously with timber harvesting by laying slashes on the skidding trails. In order to establish current characteristics of the studied areas, the evaluation of natural reforestation was carried out by laying out 215 test sites (5×5 m) along the transects. In order to determine the soil physical properties on technological elements of cuttings (cutting strip, skidding trails) and control 288 samples were selected: 96 of forest litter (O), podzolic (E), illuvial (BF) soil horizons each. The results obtained at different times of cuttings have shown that the physical properties of sandy soils are dynamic over time. In 5 years after cutting soil compaction is detected, especially on the skidding trails, which affects the increase in bulk density (by 15–59 %) with a decrease in total porosity (8–11 %) and porosity of aeration of the upper horizons (8–23 %). Reliable compaction is observed in the forest litter and podzolic horizon, while in the illuvial horizon
such difference is not proven. In 18 years soil compaction is detected. However, there are processes of soil decompression which are related to active reforestation of tree species and period passed after cutting. In 28 years the physical properties of soil were restored to their original values. We have established a moderate correlation between the bulk density of soil and cutting age (r = –(0.44±0.11)), as well as between the bulk density and the number of natural reforestation samples (r = –(0.31±0.10)), which contribute to soil decompression after cutting.
For citation: Ilintsev A.S., Bogdanov A.P., Bykov Yu.S. Physical Properties Dynamics of Podzolic Soil in the Naturally Regenerated Cutover Areas. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Forestry Journal], 2019, no. 5, pp. 70–82. DOI: 10.17238/issn0536-1036.2019.5.70
Funding: The research was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project No. 18-34-0031) and the RFBR together with Arkhangelsk Region (Project No. 17-44-290127).
*The authors gratefully acknowledge prof. E.N. Nakvasina and prof. S.V. Tretyakov for discussing the issues of anthropogenic influence on soils, and methodological assistance.
Downloads
References
Аналитический обзор о состоянии лесов, их количественных и качественных характеристиках по Двинско-Вычегодскому таежному району. М.: Рослесинфорг, 2018. 61 с. [Analytical Review on the State of Forests, Their Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics in Dvinsko-Vychegodskiy Taiga Region. Moscow, Roslesinforg Publ., 2018. 61 p.].
Вадюнина А.Ф., Корчагина З.А. Методы исследования физических свойств почв: учеб. пособие. 3-е изд., перераб. и доп. М.: Агропромиздат, 1986. 416 с. [Vadyunina A.F., Korchagina Z.A. Methods of Studying the Physical Properties of Soils: Educational Textbook. Moscow, Agropromizdat Publ., 1986. 416 p.].
ГОСТ 5180–2015. Грунты. Методы лабораторного определения физических характеристик. М.: Стандартинформ, 2016. 19 с. [GOST 5180–2015. Soils. Laboratory Methods for Determination of Physical Characteristics. Moscow, Standartinform Publ., 2016. 19 p.].
Добровольский Г.В., Урусевская И.С., Алябина И.О. Карта почвенно-географического районирования России масштаба 1:15 000 000 // Электрон. науч. журн. «Доклады по экологическому почвоведению». 2008. Вып. 8, № 2. С. 1–18. [Dobrovolsky G.V., Urusevskaya I.S., Alyabina I.O. The Soil-Geographical Zoning Map of
Russia at a Scale 1:15 000 000. Doklady po ekologicheskomu pochvovedeniyu [Interactive Journal of Ecological Soil Science], 2008, iss. 8, no. 2, pp. 1–18].
Дымов А.А. Влияние сплошных рубок в бореальных лесах России на почвы (обзор) // Почвоведение. 2017. № 7. С. 787–798. [Dymov A.A. The Impact of Clearcutting in Boreal Forests of Russia on Soils: A Review. Pochvovedenie [Eurasian Soil Science], 2017, no. 7, pp. 787–798]. DOI: 10.7868/S0032180X17070024
Дымов А.А., Лаптева Е.М. Изменение подзолистых почв на двучленных отложениях при рубках // Лесоведение. 2006. № 3. С. 42–49. [Dymov A.A., Lapteva E.M. Changes in Podzolic Soils on Bilayered Deposits under the Influence of Felling. Lesovedenie [Russian Journal of Forest Science], 2006, no. 3, pp. 42–49].
Засухин, Д.П., Серый В.С., Минин Н.С. Рекомендации по защите лесных почв от повреждения при проведении лесозаготовительных работ в Республике Коми / под общ. ред. Ю.А. Паутова. Сыктывкар, 2004. 17 с. [Zasukhin D.P., Seryy V.S., Minin N.S. Recommendations on Protection of Forest Soils from Damage during Logging Operations in the Komi Republic. Ed. by Yu.A. Pautov. Syktyvkar, 2004. 17 p.].
Классификация и диагностика почв России. Смоленск: Ойкумена, 2004. 343 с. [Classification and Diagnosis of Soils in Russia. Smolensk, Oykumena Publ., 2004. 343 p.].
Козлова А.А. Учебная практика по физике почв: учеб.-метод. пособие. Иркутск: Изд-во Иркут. гос. ун-та, 2009. 81 с. [Kozlova A.A. Academic Training in Soil Physics: Study Guide. Irkutsk, ISU Publ., 2009. 81 p.].
Наквасина Е.Н., Любова С.В. Почвоведение: учеб. пособие. Архангельск: САФУ, 2016. 146 с. [Nakvasina E.N., Lyubova S.V. Soil Science: Educational Textbook. Arkhangelsk, NArFU Publ., 2016. 146 p.].
Наквасина Е.Н., Серый В.С., Семенов Б.А. Полевой практикум по почвоведению. Архангельск: Арханг. гос. техн. ун-т, 2007. 127 с. [Nakvasina E.N., Seryy V.S., Semenov B.A. Field Workshop on Soil Science. Arkhangelsk, ASTU Publ., 2007. 127 p.].
Об утверждении Перечня лесорастительных зон и Перечня лесных районов Российской Федерации: приказ Минприроды России от 18.08.2014 г. № 367. Режим доступа: http://rosleshoz.gov.ru/rosleshoz.gov.ru (дата обращения: 15.12.2018). [On Approval of the List of Forest Plant Zones and the List of Forest Regions of the Russian Federation: Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of the Russian Federation on August 18, 2014, no. 367].
Об утверждении Правил лесовосстановления: приказ Минприроды России от 29.06.2016 г. № 375. Режим доступа: http://rosleshoz.gov.ru/ rosleshoz.gov.ru (дата обращения: 15.12.2018). [On Approval of the Reforestation Rules: Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of the Russian Federation on June 29, 2016, no. 373].
Основы устойчивого лесоуправления: учеб. пособие для вузов. 2-е изд., перераб. и доп. / под общ. ред. А.В. Беляковой, Н.М. Шматкова. М.: WWF России, 2014. 266 с. [Framework of Sustainable Forest Management: Educational Textbook for Universities. Ed. by A.V. Belyakova, N.M. Shmatkov. Moscow, WWF Russia Publ., 2014. 266 p.].
Побединский А.В. Влияние механизированных лесозаготовок на лесную среду и возобновление леса // Лесн. хоз-во. 1982. № 11. С. 14–18. [Pobedinskiy A.V. The Impact of Mechanized Logging Operations on the Forest Environment and Reforestation. Lesnoye khozyaystvo, 1982, no. 11, pp. 14–18].
Рожков, В.А., Карпачевский Л.О. Лесной покров России и охрана почв // Почвоведение. 2006. № 10. С. 1157–1164. [Rozhkov V.A., Karpachevskii L.O. The Forest Cover of Russia and Soil Conservation. Pochvovedenie [Eurasian Soil Science], 2006, no. 10, pp. 1157–1164].
Сабо Е.Д., Кормилицына О.В., Бондаренко В.В. Виды и динамика уплотнения и разуплотнения почв на вырубках // Вестн. МГУЛ–Лесн. вестн. 2012. № 3. С. 42–46. [Sabo E.D., Kormilitsinа O.V., Bondarenko V.V. Types and Dynamics of Increase and Decrease of Soils Density on Felling. Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta lesa – Lesnoy vestnik [Forestry Bulletin], 2012, no. 3(86), pp. 42–46].
Серый В.С., Аникеева В.А., Вялых Н.И., Кубрак Н.И. Изменение лесорастительных условий вырубок при современных лесозаготовках // Экологические исследования в лесах Европейского Севера: сб. науч. тр. Архангельск: АИЛиЛХ, 1991. С. 3–15. [Seryy V.S., Anikeyeva V.A., Vyalykh N.I., Kubrak N.I. Changing Forest Site of Cuttings in Modern Logging. Environmental Studies in the Forests of the European North: Collection of Academic Papers. Arkhangelsk, AILiLKh Publ., 1991, pp. 3–15].
Теринов Н.Н., Герц Э.Ф., Безгина Ю.Н. Развитие техники и технологий лесозаготовок на Урале // Лесн. журн. 2016. № 2. С. 81–90. (Изв. высш. учеб. заведений). [Terinov N.N., Gerts E.F., Bezgina Yu.N. Development of Logging Technology in the Urals. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Forestry Journal], 2016, no. 2, pp. 81–90]. DOI: 10.17238/issn0536-1036.2016.2.81; URL: http://lesnoizhurnal.ru/upload/iblock/f46/terinov.pdf
Шеин Е.В. Курс физики почв: учеб. М.: Изд-во МГУ, 2005. 432 с. [Shein E.V. Soil Physics Course: Textbook. Moscow, MSU Publ., 2005. 432 p.].
Akay A.E., Yuksel A., Reis M., Tutus A. The Impacts of Ground-Based Logging Equipment on Forest Soil. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2007, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 371–376.
Bagheri I., Kalhori S.B., Akef M., Khormali F. Effect of Compaction on Physical and Micromorphological Properties of Forest Soils. American Journal of Plant Science, 2012, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 159–163. DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2012.31018
Bowd E.J., Banks S.C., Strong C.L., Lindenmayer D.B. Long-Term Impacts of Wildfire and Logging on Forest Soils. Nature Geoscience, 2019, vol. 12, iss. 2, pp. 113–118. DOI: 10.1038/s41561-018-0294-2
Brais S. Persistence of Soil Compaction and Effects on Seedling Growth in Northwestern Quebec. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2001, vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 1263–1271. DOI: 10.2136/sssaj2001.6541263x
Cambi M., Certini G., Neri F., Marchi E. The Impact of Heavy Traffic on Forest Soils: A Review. Forest Ecology and Management, 2015, vol. 338, pp. 124–138. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.11.022
Cambi M., Hoshika Y., Mariotti B., Paoletti E., Picchio R., Venanzi R., Marchi E. Compaction by a Forest Machine Affects Soil Quality and Quercus robur L. Seedling Performance in an Experimental Field. Forest Ecology and Management, 2017, vol. 384, pp. 406–414. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.10.045
Cambi M., Paffetti D., Vettori C., Picchio R., Venanzi R., Marchi E. Assessment of the Impact of Forest Harvesting Operations on the Physical Parameters and Microbiological Components on a Mediterranean Sandy Soil in an Italian Stone Pine Stand. European Journal of Forest Research, 2017, vol. 136, iss. 2, pp. 205–215. DOI: 10.1007/s10342-016-1020-5
Evstigneev O.I., Korotkov V.N. Ontogenetic Stages of Trees: An Overview. Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology, 2016, vol. 1(2), pp. 1–31. DOI: 10.21685/2500-0578-2016-2-1
Goltsev V., Tolonen T., Syunev V., Dahlin B., Gerasimov Yu. Wood Harvesting and Logistics in Russia – Focus on Research and Business Opportunities. Metlan työraportteja [Working Papers of the Finnish Forest Research Institute 2010]. 2011. 157 p. Available at: http://www.metla.fi/julkaisut/workingpapers/2011/mwp210.htm (accessed 04.02.19).
Klaes B., Struck J., Schneider R., Schüler G. Middle-Term Effects after Timber Harvesting with Heavy Machinery on a Fine-Textured Forest Soil. European Journal of Forest Research, 2016, vol. 135, iss. 6, pp. 1083–1095. DOI: 10.1007/s10342-016-0995-2
Kozlowski T.T. Soil Compaction and Growth of Woody Plants. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 1999, vol. 14, iss. 6, pp. 596–619. DOI: 10.1080/02827589908540825
Marchi E., Chung W., Visser R., Abbas D., Nordfjell T., Mederski P.S., McEwan A., Brink M., Laschi A. Sustainable Forest Operations (SFO): A New Paradigm in a Changing World and Climate. Science of the Total Environment, 2018, vol. 634, pp. 1385–1397. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.084
Marchi E., Picchio R., Mederski P.S., Vusić D., Perugini M., Venanzi R. Impact of Silvicultural Treatment and Forest Operation on Soil and Regeneration in Mediterranean Turkey Oak (Quercus cerris L.) Coppice with Standards. Ecological Engineering, 2016, vol. 95, pp. 475–484. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.06.084
Modrý M., Hubený D. Impact of Skidder and High-Lead System Logging on Forest Soils and Advanced Regeneration. Journal of Forest Science, 2003, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 273–280. DOI: 10.17221/4701-JFS
Osman K.T. Forest Soils: Properties and Management. Switzerland, Springer, 2013. 217 p. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-02541-4
Powers R.F., Scott D.A., Sanchez F.G., Voldseth R.A., Page-Dumroese D., Elioff J.D., Stone D.M. The North American Long-Term Soil Productivity Experiment: Findings from the First Decade of Research. Forest Ecology and Management, 2005, vol. 220, iss. 1-3, pp. 31–50. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.08.003
Rab M.A. Recovery of Soil Physical Properties from Compaction and Soil Profile Disturbance Caused by Logging of Native Forest in Victorian Central Highlands, Australia. Forest Ecology and Management, 2004, vol. 191, iss. 1-3, pp. 329–340. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2003.12.010
Standish J.T., Commandeur P.R., Smith R.B. Impacts of Forest Harvesting on Physical Properties of Soils with Reference to Increased Biomass Recovery: A Review. Information Report BC-X-301. Victoria, BC, Canadian Forestry Centre, 1988. 24 p.
Šušnjar M., Horvat D., Šešelj J. Soil Compaction in Timber Skidding in Winter Conditions. Croatian Journal of Forest Engineering, 2006, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 3–15.
Venanzi R., Picchio R., Piovesan G. Silvicultural and Logging Impact on Soil Characteristics in Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) Mediterranean Coppice. Ecological Engineering, 2016, vol. 92, pp. 82–89. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.03.034
Worrell R., Hampson A. The Influence of Some Forest Operations on the Sustainable Management of Forest Soils – A Review. Forestry, 1997, vol. 70, iss. 1, pp. 61–85. DOI: 10.1093/forestry/70.1.61
Zenner E.K., Fauskee J.T., Berger A.L., Puettmann K.J. Impacts of Skidding Traffic Intensity on Soil Disturbance, Soil Recovery, and Aspen Regeneration in North-Central Minnesota. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry, 2007, vol. 24, iss. 3, pp. 177–183. DOI: 10.1093/njaf/24.3.177
Zetterberg T., Olsson B.A., Löfgren S., von Brömssen C., Brandtberg P.-O. The Effect of Harvest Intensity on Long-Term Calcium Dynamics in Soil and Soil Solution at Three Coniferous Sites in Sweden. Forest Ecology and Management, 2013, vol. 302, pp. 280–294. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.03.030
