Intraspecific Diversity of Pinus sylvestris L. in Provenance Trials of the Central Russian Forest-Steppe Area

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-3-84-98

Keywords:

provenance trials, Scots pine, reproductive ability, phenological observations, seeds, generative organs, weight of 1000 seeds, cone weight, cone length, cone thickness, seed release, seed coloring, seed germination energy, germination

Abstract

The provenance trials of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in the Central Russian forest-steppe area were established by M.M. Veresen in 1959. They have become a natural laboratory for genetic and environmental research in order to solve the practical issues of forest seed zoning. The study of the intraspecific diversity of the provenance trials makes it possible to distinguish patterns in the formation of species with various origins under the influence of different ecological, genetic, and climatic conditions. This article presents the results of a multi-year research project. This allows us to state with full responsibility the strong influence of environmental and genetic factors on the characteristics of growth, resistance, trunk productivity, and reproductive capacity of Scots pine in new growing conditions. The generative parts of the study objects were also examined by morphometric indicators. The changes were revealed in seed production, size, cone coloring, color and weight of 1000 pieces of seeds, seed release, seed fullness, germinative energy, and absolute germination. Genetic factors, which are programmed by ancestry, define the constancy of the difference in size and color of cones and seeds. In addition, genetic factors, along with the weather conditions of a new location, regulate reproductive ability. It was noted that Scots pine with different geographical origins enters the flowering phase at different times. The northern trees are 5–7 days earlier than locals; the southern trees are 5 days later. They were studied in the climate of the Voronezh region. The variability in the characteristics of the generative organs of Scots pine is also affected by its place of birth. The size and weight of the cone are directly related to the geographic latitude. The length and weight of the cone increase with movement from north to south. There is no strict relationship between the release of the seeds during free pollination and the place of origin since the study objects were surrounded by various pollinators. The weight of 1000 seeds changes with the same regularity as in natural stands of pine: it increases with the geographical latitude of the origin. Consequently, under the influence of new growing conditions, Scots pine is strongly affected by its genetic factors that determine the stability, trunk productivity, and reproductive capacity of the species.
For citation: Galdina T.E., Chernodubov A.I., Mikhailova M.I. Intraspecific Diversity of Pinus sylvestris L. in Provenance Trials of the Central Russian Forest-Steppe Area. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 3, pp. 84–98. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-3-84-98

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Tatyana E. Galdina, Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov

Candidate of Agriculture, Assoc. Prof.; ResearcherID: AAR-5879-2020

Alexey I. ChernodubovƗ, Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov

Doctor of Agriculture, Prof.;

Maria I. Mikhailova, Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov

Postgraduate Student

References

Агафонова Г.В. Влияние происхождения семян сосны на рост семенного потомства в условиях Среднего Урала // Повышение продуктивности лесов Урала. Свердловск: Урал. лесотехн. ин-т, 1990. С. 106–109. Agafonova G.V. The Influence of the Origin of Pine Seeds on the Growth of Seed Offspring in the Middle Urals. Increasing Forest Productivity in the Urals. Sverdlovsk, USFEU Publ., 1990. pp. 106–109. (In Russ.).

Галдина Т.Е. Рост сосны обыкновенной в географических культурах центральной лесостепи // Дендроэкология и лесоведение: материалы Всерос. конф., посвящ. 50-летию Сиб. отд-ния РАН, Красноярск, 02–04 окт. 2007 г. Красноярск: Ин-т леса им. В.Н. Сукачева СО РАН, 2007. С. 30–32. Galdina T.E. Growth of Scots Pine in Provenance Trials of the Central Forest-Steppe. Dendroecology and Forest Science: Proceedings of All-Russian Conference dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the Siberian Branch of RAS, Krasnoyarsk, 02–04 October 2007. Krasnoyarsk, FRC KSC SB RAS Publ., 2007, pp. 30–32. (In Russ.).

Галдина Т.Е., Романова М.М. Исследование особенности роста географических культур сосны обыкновенной в условиях Центральной лесостепи // Политематич. сетевой электрон. науч. журн. КубГАУ. 2017. № 127(03). С. 865–874. Galdina T.E., Romanova M.M. Studying the Growth Characteristics of Pine Provenance Trials in the Central Forest-Steppe. Nauchnyy zhurnal KubGAU = Scientific Journal of KubSAU, 2017, no. 127(03), pp. 865–874. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21515/1990-4665-127-060

Галдина Т.Е., Романова М.М., Токорева М.О. Состояние географических культур сосны обыкновенной (Pinus sylvestris L.) в условиях Центральной лесостепи // Политематич. сетевой электрон. науч. журн. КубГАУ. 2012. № 77(03). С. 10–20. Galdina T.E., Romanova M.M., Tokoreva M.O. The State of Provenance Trials of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in the Central Forest-Steppe. Nauchnyy zhurnal KubGAU = Scientific Journal of KubSAU, 2012, no. 77 (03), pp. 10–20. (In Russ.).

Ирошников А.И. Географические культуры хвойных в Южной Сибири // Географические культуры и плантации хвойных в Сибири. Новосибирск: Наука. Сиб. отд-ние, 1977. С. 4–110. Iroshnikov A.I. Provenance Trials of Conifers in Southern Siberia. Provenance Trials and Coniferous Plantations in Siberia. Novosibirsk, Nauka Publ., 1977. pp. 4–110. (In Russ.).

Кузьмин С.Р. Динамика радиального роста сосны обыкновенной в географических культурах на дерново-подзолистой песчаной почве // Хвойные бореальной зоны. 2012. Т. ХХХ, № 1-2. С. 106–110. Kuzmin S.R. Dynamics of the Radial Growth of Scots Pine in Provenance Trials on Sod-Podzolic Sandy Soil. Khvoynye boreal’noy zony = Conifers of the Boreal Area, 2012, vol. 30, no. 1-2, pp. 106–110. (In Russ.).

Кузьмин С.Р., Ваганов Е.А., Кузьмина Н.А., Милютин Л.И. Особенности трахеид древесины у климатипов Pinus sylvestris (Pinaceae) в географических культурах // Ботан. журн. 2008. Т. 93, № 1. С. 10–21. Kuzmin S.R., Vaganov E.A., Kuzmina N.A., Milyutin L.I. Specificity of Wood Tracheids of Pinus sylvestris (Pinaceae) Climatypes in the Provenance Trial. Botanicheskii Zhurnal, 2008, vol. 93, no. 1, pp. 10–21. (In Russ.).

Кузьмин С.Р., Ваганов Е.А., Кузьмина Н.А., Милютин Л.И., Силкин П.П. Плотность устьиц хвои сосны обыкновенной в географических культурах Приангарья // Лесоведение. 2009. № 2. С. 35–40. Kuzmin S.R., Vaganov E.A., Kuzmina N.A., Milyutin L.I., Silkin P.P. Density of Needle Stomata in Different Scots Pine Provenances in Provenance Trials (the Angara River Basin). Lesovedenie = Russian Journal of Forest Science, 2009, no. 2, pp. 35–40. (In Russ.).

Кузьмин С.Р., Кузьмина Н.А., Ваганов Е.А. Динамика роста сосны обыкновенной в географических культурах // Лесоведение. 2013. № 1. С. 30–38. Kuzmin S.R., Kuzmina N.A., Vaganov E.A. Growth Dynamics of Scots Pine in Provenance Trial Plantations. Lesovedenie = Russian Journal of Forest Science, 2013, no. 1, pp. 30–38. (In Russ.).

Кузьмин С.Р., Кузьмина Н.А., Милютин Л.И., Муратова Е.Н. Внутривидовая изменчивость морфологических признаков хвои у сосны обыкновенной в географических культурах Приангарья // Вестн. Томск. гос. ун-та. 2004. № 10. С. 41–45. Kuzmin S.R., Kuzmina N.A., Milyutin L.I., Muratova E.N. Intraspecific Variability in Morphological Characteristics of Scots Pine Needles in Provenance Trials of the Angara River Basin. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta = Tomsk State University Journal, 2004, no. 10, pp. 41–45. (In Russ.).

Мамаев С.А. Формы внутривидовой изменчивости древесных растений. М.: Наука, 1973. 282 с. Mamaev S.A. Forms of Intraspecific Variability of Woody Plants. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1973. 282 p. (In Russ.).

Пахарькова Н.В., Кузьмина Н.А., Кузьмин С.Р., Ефремов А.А. Морфофизиологические особенности хвои у разных климатипов сосны обыкновенной в географических культурах // Сиб. экол. журн. 2014. Т. 21, № 1. С. 107–113. Pakharkova N.V., Kuzmina N.A., Kuzmin S.R., Efremov A.A. Morphophysiological Traits of Needles in Different Climatypes of Scots Pine in Provenance Trial. Sibirskiy ekologicheskiy zhurnal = Contemporary Problems of Ecology, 2014, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 107–113. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995425514010107

Правдин Л.Ф. Сосна обыкновенная: Изменчивость, внутривидовая систематика и селекция. М.: Наука, 1964. 190 с. Pravdin L.F. Scots Pine: Variability, Intraspecific Systematics and Selection. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1964. 190 p. (In Russ.).

Правдин Л.Ф. Внутривидовая систематика и ее значение для селекции // Проблемы современной ботаники. Т. 1. М.: Наука, 1965. С. 73–76. Pravdin L.F. Intraspecific Systematics and Its Meaning for Selection. Problems of Modern Botany. Vol. 1. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1965. pp. 73–76.

Правдин Л.Ф., Вакуров А.Д. Рост сосны обыкновенной (Pinus sylvestris L.) разного географического происхождения в подзоне хвойно-широколиственных лесов // Сложные боры хвойно-широколиственных лесов и пути ведения лесного хозяйства в лесопарковых условия х Подмосковья. М.: Наука, 1968. С. 160–195. Pravdin L.F., VakurovA.D. Growth of Scots Pine (Pinus silvestris L.) of Different Geographical Origin in the Subzone of Coniferous-Deciduous Forests. Complex Pine Forests of Coniferous-Deciduous Forests and Forest Management Methods in the Forest-Park Conditions of the Moscow Region. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1968. pp. 160–195. (In Russ.).

Чернодубов А.И., Галдина Т.Е., Смогунова О.А. Географические культуры сосны обыкновенной на юге Русской равнины. Воронеж: ВГЛТА, 2005. 128 с. Chernodubov A.I., Galdina T.E., Smogunova O.A. Provenance Trials of Scots Pine in the South of the Russian Plain. Monograph. Voronezh, VGLTA Publ., 2005. 128 p. (In Russ.).

Beuker E., Koski V. Adaptation of Tree Populations to Climate as Reflected by Ages Provenance Tests. Caring for the Forest: Research in a Changing World. Poster Abstracts. IUFRO ХХ World Congress, August 6–12, 1995. Finland, Тampere, 1995, p. 248.

Galdina T., Khazova E. Adaptability of Pinus sylvestris L. to Various Environmental Conditions. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2019, vol. 316, no. 1, p. 012002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/316/1/012002

Jonsson A., Ekberg I., Eriksson G. Flowering in a Seed Orchard of Pinus sуlvestris L. Studla Forestalia Suecica, 1976, no. 135, pp. 1–38.

Oleksyn J., Tjoelker M.G., Reich P.B. Adaptation to Changing Environment in Scots Pine Populations Across a Latitudinal Gradient. Silva Fennica, 1998, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 129–140. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.691

Rehfeldt G.E., Tchebakova N.M., Parfenova Y.I., Wykoff W.R., Kuzmina N.A., Milyutin L.I. Intraspecific Responses to Climate in Pinus sylvestris: Responses to Climate in Pinus sylvestris. Global Change Biology, 2002, vol. 8, no. 9, pp. 912–929. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2002.00516.x

Reich P.B., Oleksyn J. Climate Warming Will Reduce Growth and Survival of Scots Pine Except in the Far North: Scots Pine Growth and Survival Following Climate Transfer. Ecology Letters, 2008, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 588–597. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01172.x

Savolainen O., Bokma F., Garcia-Gil R. Genetic Variation in Cessation of Growth and Frost Hardiness and Consequences for Adaptation of Pinus sylvestris to Climatic Changes. Forest Ecology and Management, 2004, vol. 197, no. 1-3, pp. 79–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.05.006

Suvanto S., Nöjd P., Henttonen H.M., Beuker E., Mäkinen H. Geographical Patterns in the Radial Growth Response of Norway Spruce Provenances to Climatic Variation. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2016, vol. 222, pp. 10–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.03.003

Published

2023-06-15

How to Cite

Galdina Т., ChernodubovƗ А., and Mikhailova М. “Intraspecific Diversity of Pinus Sylvestris L. In Provenance Trials of the Central Russian Forest-Steppe Area”. Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 3, June 2023, pp. 84-98, doi:10.37482/0536-1036-2023-3-84-98.