Growth and Condition of the English Oak in the Mixed Stands of Forest Shelterbelts
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2024-3-65-72Keywords:
English oak, protective forest plantations, mixed stand, method of forest belt creating, forest pathology condition of treesAbstract
An analysis of the creation and operation of protective forest plantations at agricultural enterprises of the Central Chernozem Region allows us to assert that positive ameliorative functions are performed by those forest plantations that have good growth, high stability and longevity. Russian forestry scientists have recognized that the main species in the steppe conditions for all types of protective forest plantations is the English oak. The aim of the research has been to assess the current state of the stands in forest shelterbelts planted via different methods with the English oak as the main species. Taxation works and forest pathology research were carried out in 1997–2021 in the forest shelterbelt no. 9, established in the spring of 1989 by 2-year-old seedlings in the land-use territory of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise Experimental Production Farm “Znamya Oktyabrya” of the Talovskiy District of the Voronezh Region. It has been established that the influence of combinations of tree species in forest belts on the growth of the English oak at the age of 32 years is quite significant. As a result of competitive relations for environmental resources by fast-growing and associate species, the number of live oak trees in a continuous row planting option is 35.6...52.1 % less than in intermittent forest belt options, of their number during planting. The remaining sharply oppressed oak trees in the plantation sown in the continuous row planting way are far behind in height and stem diameter (by 0.8...7.6 m and 4.1...12.7 cm, respectively) compared to the oaks growing in the intermittent forest belts sown in a block planting way. The absence of improvement felling in the experimental plantations during their growth and formation has led to a significant number of dead oak wood and non-viable trees of this species. Moreover, the proportion of dead oak wood and non-viable trees in the forest belt sown via continuous row planting exceeds the indicator in the intermittent forest belts by 36.6...40.6 %. The number of viable oak trees in the intermittent belt options is 17.7...27.3 % higher than in the continuous row planting option, and the number of limitedly viable trees is 11.5...18.9 % higher.
Downloads
References
Анучин Н.П. Лесная таксация. 5-е изд., доп. М.: Лесн. пром-сть, 1982. 552 с. Anuchin N.P. Forest Inventory. 5th ed., enlarged. Moscow, Lesnaya promyshlennost’ Publ., 1982. 552 p. (In Russ.).
Артюховский А.К., Харченко Н.А., Быков Н.А., Арефьев Ю.Ф. Экологические основы лесозащиты в насаждениях зеленых зон. Воронеж: ВГУ, 1994. 128 с. Artyukhovskiy A.K., Kharchenko N.A., Bykov N.A., Aref’ev Yu.F. Ecological Basics of Forest Protection in Green Areas. Voronezh, VSU Publ., 1994. 128 p. (In Russ.).
Векшегонов В.Я. Шахматный способ создания полезащитных лесных полос (Из опыта лесоразведения в Целинном крае). М.: Лесн. пром-сть, 1965. 84 c. Vekshegonov V.Ya. The Chessboard Method of Creating Forest Shelterbelts (From the Experience of Afforestation in the Tselinnyi Territory). Moscow, Lesnaya promyshlennost’ Publ., 1965. 84 p. (In Russ.).
Дударев А.Д., Гладышева Н.В., Лозовой А.Д. Методика и техника работ на пробных площадях. Воронеж, 1978. 80 с. Dudarev A.D., Gladysheva N.V., Lozovoy A.D. Methods and Techniques of Work on the Test Areas. Voronezh, 1978. 80 р. (In Russ.).
Ключников Ю.В. Коридорный способ посадки и посева дуба с быстрорастущими породами в лесных полосах // Совет. агрономия. 1948. № 8. С. 52–57. Klyuchnikov Yu.V. Corridor Method of Planting and Sowing Oak with Fast-Growing Species in Forest Belts. Sovetskaya agronomiya, 1948, no. 8, pp. 52–57. (In Russ.).
Коротун А.М. Из опыта посадки крупномерного посадочного материала на целинных землях Голодной степи // Лесн. хоз-во. 1962. № 2. С. 32–36. Korotun A.M. From the Experience of Planting Large-Sized Material on the Virgin Lands of the Mirzachoʻl Steppe. Lesnoye khozyaystvo, 1962, no. 2, pp. 32–36.
Наставление по организации и ведению лесопатологического мониторинга в лесах России / М-во природ. ресурсов Рос. Федерации, Всерос. науч.-исслед. ин-т лесоводства и механизации лесн. хоз-ва. М.: ВНИИЛМ, 2001. 86 с. Manual on Organization and Management of Forest Pathology Monitoring in the Forests of Russia. Comp. By the Ministry of Natural Resources of the RF and the All-Russian Resarch Institute of Forestry and Forestry Mechanization. Moscow, All-Russian Resarch Institute of Forestry and Forestry Mechanization Publ., 2001. 86 p. (In Russ.).
Павловский Е.С. Диагонально-групповой способ размещения биогрупп при посадке полезащитных лесных полос // Вестн. с.-х. науки. 1960. № 5. С. 120–123. Pavlovskiy E.S. Diagonal-Group Method of Placing Biogroups When Planting Shelterbelts. Vestnik sel’skokhozyaystvennoy nauki, 1960, no. 5, pp. 120–123. (In Russ.).
Петров Н.Г. О сезонах и сроках посадки древесных пород крупномерными саженцами // Сб. науч. работ Науч.-исслед. ин-та сельск. хоз-ва Центр.-Чернозем. полосы им. В.В. Докучаева. М.: Россельхозиздат, 1965. Т. 3. С. 277–284. Petrov N.G. On the Seasons and Timing of Planting Large-Sized Tree Species. The Collection of Scientific Papers of the Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Black Earth Zone Named after V.V. Dokuchaev. Moscow, Rossel’khozizdat Publ., 1965, vol. 3, рp. 277–284. (In Russ.).
Скачков Б.И., Чеканышкин А.С. Новое направление в выращивании полезащитных и стокорегулирующих полос // Вестн. Рос. акад. с.-х. наук. 1992. № 3. С. 35–36. Skachkov B.I., Chekanyshkin A.S. A New Direction in the Cultivation of Field Protection and Runoff Control Strips. Vestnik Rossiyskoy akademii sel’skokhozyaystvennykh nauk, 1992, no. 3, pp. 35–36. (In Russ.).
Чеканышкин А.С. Основы устойчивости и долговечности защитных лесных насаждений в условиях ЦЧЗ // Лесн. хоз-во. 2010. № 3. С. 29–30. Chekanyshkin A.S. The Fundamentals of Sustainability and Durability of Protective Forest Plantations in the Conditions of the Central Black Earth Zone. Lesnoye khozyaystvo, 2010, no. 3, pp. 29–30. (In Russ.).
Bock M.D., Van Rees K.C.J. Mechanical Site Preparation Impacts on Soil Properties and Vegetation Communities in the Northwest Territories. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2002, vol. 32, no. 8, pp. 1381–1392. https://doi.org/10.1139/x02-067
Chantal de M., Leinonen K., Ilvesniemi H., Westman C.J. Effects of Site Preparation on Soil Properties and on Morphology of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies Seedlings Sown at Different Dates. New Forests, 2004, vol. 27, pp. 159–173. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025042632491
Coates K.D. Tree Recruitment in Gaps of Various Size, Clearcuts and Undisturbed Mixed Forest of Interior British Columbia, Canada. Forest Ecology and Management, 2002, vol. 155, iss. 1–3, pp. 387–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00574-6
Concha J.Y., Alegre J.C., Pocomucha V. Determinación de las Reservas de Carbono en la Biomassa Aérea de Sistemas Agroforestales de Theobroma cacao L. en el Departamento de San Martín, Peru. Ecología Aplicada, 2007, vol. 6, no. 1–2, pp. 75–82. (In Span.). https://doi.org/10.21704/rea.v6i1-2.343
Jonard M., Misson L., Ponette Q. Long-Term Thinning Effects on the Forest Floor and the Foliar Nutrient Status of Norway Spruce Stands in the Belgian Ardennes. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2006, vol. 36, no. 10, pp. 2684–2695. https://doi.org/10.1139/x06-153
Jose S. Agroforestry for Ecosystem Services and Environmental Benefits: An Overview. Agroforestry Systems, 2009, vol. 76, pp. 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-009-9229-7
Korb J.E., Fulé P.Z., Gideon B. Different Restoration Thinning Treatments Affect Level of Soil Disturbance in Ponderosa Pine Forests of Northern Arizona, USA. Ecological Restoration, 2007, vol. 25, iss. 1, pp. 43–49. https://doi.org/10.3368/er.25.1.43
Lacombe S., Bradley R.L., Hamel C., Beaulieu C. Do Tree-Based Intercropping Systems Increase the Diversity and Stability of Soil Microbial Communities? Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2009, vol. 131, iss. 1–2, pp. 25–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.08.010
Löf M., Dey D.C., Navarro R.M., Jacobs D.F. Mechanical Site Preparation for Forest Restoration. New Forests, 2012, vol. 43, pp. 825–848. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-012-9332-x
Peltola H., Kilpeläinen A., Sauvala K., Räisänen T., Ikonen V.-P. Effects of Early Thinning Regime and Tree Status on the Radial Growth and Wood Density of Scots Pine. Silva Fennica, 2007, vol. 41, no. 3, art. no. 285. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.285
Reynolds P.E., Simpson J.A., Thevathasan N.V., Gordon A.M. Effects of Tree Competition on Corn and Soybean Photosynthesis, Growth, and Yield in a Temperate TreeBased Agroforestry Intercropping System in Southern Ontario, Canada. Ecological Engineering, 2007, vol. 29, iss. 4, pp. 362–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2006.09.024
Weiskittel A.R., Kenefic L.S., Seymour R.S., Phillips L.M. Long-Term Effects of Precommercial Thinning on the Stem Dimensions, Form and Branch Characteristics of Red Spruce and Balsam Fir Crop Trees in Maine, USA. Silva Fennica, 2009, vol. 43, no. 3, art. no. 196. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.196
