Assessment of the Boron Treatability Level of Lesser-Known Timber Species by the Impregnation Method
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2024-6-160-174Keywords:
anatomical features, boron, chemical retention, density, penetration, preservative, pressure impregnation, treatabilityAbstract
Faced with the escalating crisis of global deforestation, including particularly alarming rates in Sri Lanka, researchers have turned their attention to the potential of boronbased preservatives for treating timber. The comprehensive study of the samples has revealed a significant negative correlation between the treatability of timber under pressure and the total area of vessels and wood density. Woods with fewer and smaller vessels are more receptive to boron treatment, making them more suitable for preservation. The study also identified a positive, though somewhat weak, correlation between treatability and the total ray area within the wood, indicating that the internal structure of timber plays a crucial role in its preservation potential. The timber during the research has been categorized based on the depth of boron penetration, with categories ranging from fully penetrated to less than 5 mm. The findings obtained suggest that boron preservatives offer a promising and sustainable alternative to traditional timber treatment methods. By categorizing wood based on the treatability and anatomical properties, we can optimize the treatment processes, thereby maximizing resource utilization and minimizing waste. Thus boron-treated timber could become a cornerstone in the fight against deforestation in future, providing a responsible and environmentally friendly alternative to the untreated wood. In doing so, the research contributes significantly to the preservation of our forests and the overall well-being of our planet, offering a promising trajectory in sustainable forestry practices.
Downloads
References
Alapieti T., Mikkola R., Pasanen P., Salonen H. The Influence of Wooden Interior Materials on Indoor Environment: a Review. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 2020, vol. 78, pp. 617–634. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-020-01532-x
Ayanleye S., Udele K., Nasir V., Zhang X., Militz H. Durability and Protection of Mass Timber Structures: A Review. Journal of Building Engineering, 2022, vol. 46, art. no. 103731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103731
Brischke C. 5 – Timber. Long-Term Performance and Durability of Masonry Structures, 2019, pp. 129–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102110-1.00005-4
Broda M. Natural Compounds for Wood Protection against Fungi – A Review. Molecules, 2020, vol. 25, no. 15, art. no. 3538. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25153538
Bukauskas A., Mayencourt P., Shepherd P., Sharma B., Mueller C., Walker P., Bregulla J. Whole Timber Construction: A State of the Art Review. Construction and Building Materials, 2019, vol. 213, pp. 748–769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.043
Cappellazzi J., Konkler M.J., Sinha A., Morrell J.J. Potential for Decay in Mass Timber Elements: A Review of the Risks and Identifying Possible Solutions. Wood Material Science & Engineering, 2020, vol. 15, iss. 6, pp. 351–360. https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2020.1720804
Corradi M., Osofero A.I., Borri A. Repair and Reinforcement of Historic Timber Structures with Stainless Steel – A Review. Metals, 2019, vol. 9, no. 1, art. no. 106. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9010106
Crini G., Lichtfouse E., Chanet G., Morin-Crini N. Applications of Hemp in Textiles, Paper Industry, Insulation and Building Materials, Horticulture, Animal Nutrition, Food and Beverages, Nutraceuticals, Cosmetics and Hygiene, Medicine, Agrochemistry, Energy Production and Environment: A Review. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 2020, vol. 18, pp. 1451–1476. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01029-2
Dias A.M.A., Santos P.G.G., Dias A.M.P.G., Silvestre J.D., Brito de J. Life Cycle Assessment of a Preservative Treated Wooden Deck. Wood Material Science & Engineering, 2022, vol. 17, iss. 6, pp. 502–512. https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2021.1897673
Duan Z., Huang Q., Zhang Q. Life Cycle Assessment of Mass Timber Construction: A Review. Building and Environment, 2022, vol. 221, art. no. 109320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109320
Evans P.D., Matsunaga H., Preston A.F., Kewish C.M. Wood Protection for Carbon Sequestration – A Review of Existing Approaches and Future Directions. Current Forestry Reports, 2022, vol. 8, pp. 181–198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40725-022-00166-x
Fathi H., Nasir V., Kazemirad S. Prediction of the Mechanical Properties of Wood Using Guided Wave Propagation and Machine Learning. Construction and Building Materials, 2020, vol. 262, art. no. 120848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120848
Ghani R.S.M. A Review of Different Barriers and Additives to Reduce Boron Movement in Boron Dual Treated Wood. Progress in Organic Coatings, 2021, vol. 160, art. no. 106523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2021.106523
Järvinen J., Ilgın H.E., Karjalainen M. Wood Preservation Practices and Future Outlook: Perspectives of Experts from Finland. Forests, 2022, vol. 13, no. 7, art. no. 1044. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13071044
Khademibami L., Bobadilha G.S. Recent Developments Studies on Wood Protection Research in Academia: A Review. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 2022, vol. 5, art. no. 793177. https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2022.793177
Narasimha Murthy K., Chawla V.K., Upadhayay V.K., Prakash V. Evaluation of New Boron Fixation System for Wood Preservation. International Journal of Engineering Research And Management (IJERM), 2019, vol. 6, iss. 8, pp. 28–31.
Pournou A. Wood Deterioration by Insects. Biodeterioration of Wooden Cultural Heritage: Organisms and Decay Mechanisms in Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystems. Springer, Cham, 2020, pp. 425–526. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46504-9_7
Sürdem S., Eseroglu C., Yildiz S., Sögütlü C., Yörükoglu A. Combustion and Decay Resistance Performance of Scots Pine Treated with Boron and Copper Based Wood Preservatives. Drvna Industrija, 2022, vol. 73, no. 4, pp. 397–404. https://doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2022.2125
Veselov V., Abu-Khasan M., Egorov V. Innovative Designs of Wooden Beams in Conditions Far North. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020, vol. 753, art. no. 022024. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/753/2/022024
Younis A., Dodoo A. Cross-Laminated Timber for Building Construction: A Life-Cycle-Assessment Overview. Journal of Building Engineering, 2022, vol. 52, art. no. 104482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104482
