Satellite Monitoring of the State of Serbian Spruce (Picea omorika (Panč.) Purk.) Stands in the Mount Veliki Stolac Area (Republic of Srpska)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2025-6-9-32Keywords:
remote sensing, pattern recognition, satellite imagery, forest fires, Serbian spruce, Picea omorika (Panč.) PurkAbstract
Multispectral satellite images of medium spatial resolution are the main source of data for remote sensing of stands, including the assessment of forest inventory and biological productivity parameters of stands, as well as changes in the vital status of species. The aim of this work has been to determine the effects of pyrogenic impact on one of the largest populations of Serbian spruce (Picea omorika (Panč.) Purk.) in the Mount Veliki Stolac area (the Republic of Srpska, 1,675 m above sea level) using multi-temporal multispectral Sentinel-2 imagery. Serbian spruce is a relict, endangered tree species whose total population has been declining significantly over the past 100 years. Currently, the natural habitat of this species is limited to a small area on the border of Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. To analyze satellite data, a multi-stage method has been proposed that has allowed identifying the Serbian spruce population in the surveyed areas, determining the dynamics of changes in vital status over the past 10 years, and assessing the effects of the forest fire that occurred in this area in 2021. It has been revealed that approximately 50 % of Serbian spruce stands have been damaged, with the species predicted to die for 1/2 of these areas. The greatest damage has been caused to the stands in the central part of the northern slope of Mount Veliki Stolac. Average estimates of the areas of vital status for the recovery period are: healthy – 17.6 ha, weakened – 8.4 ha, damaged – 8.0 ha, drying out – 1.2 ha. The analysis of vegetation
indices has shown the absence of significant trends towards natural regeneration of Serbian spruce. The examination of images for 2024 allows us to reasonably assume that the process of replacing Serbian spruce with deciduous species has begun, while no improvement in the vital status of the Serbian spruce population is expected. Thus, in order to preserve this population, it is necessary to carry out reforestation of this valuable relict species.
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