A Strategy for Adapting the Hydraulic System of Woody Plants to Various Tiers of the Floodplain Forest of the Enmyvaam River (Chukotka)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2025-6-33-47Keywords:
xylem, wood, water-conducting tissue, hydraulic system, woody plants, adaptation, floodplain forest, tundraAbstract
The article examines the features of the anatomical structure of the hydraulic system of 17 species from 13 genera of 6 families of woody flowering plants, which belong to different tiers of the floodplain forest growing along the Enmyvaam River (hypoarctic tundra). It has been found that 1st-tier trees have the most advanced hydraulic system. It consists only of libriform fibers and vascular segments of a short-cylindrical, cylindrical fibrous shape with simple perforations, punctate alternate, closed, and close-set intervascular porosity, single-row, mostly homogeneous rays, apotracheal and paratracheal parenchyma. This is most likely due to the particularly intense water exchange regime in tall trees, whose crowns are more susceptible to harsh environmental influences. Shrubs and low-growing trees of the 2nd tier demonstrate the presence of both archaic and evolutionarily advanced features in approximately equal quantities in the stem wood. For example, in the genera Alnus and Sorbus, there is a combination of libriforms with fibrous and vascular tracheids; vessel segments with scalariform, reticulate, and simple perforations, apotracheal and paratracheal parenchyma, and heterogeneous and homogeneous palisade rays. As for the species of the genus Salix, they have a highly developed hydraulic system, similar to that of the 1st-tier plants. Small shrubs and dwarf shrubs of the 3rd tier, living in areas with excessive absolute and relative humidity and sometimes extremely low lighting, have the widest range of specific adaptive features acquired as a result of adaptation to the extreme conditions of high latitudes.
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